hell

== English == === Alternative forms === Hell (proper noun) hel, helle (obsolete) === Pronunciation === enPR: hĕl, IPA(key): /hɛl/ Rhymes: -ɛl === Etymology 1 === From Middle English helle, from Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō (“concealed place, netherworld”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal, save”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hälle (“hell”), West Frisian hel (“hell”), Dutch hel (“hell”), German Low German Hell (“hell”), German Hölle (“hell”), Norwegian helvete (“hell”), Icelandic hel (“the abode of the dead, death”). Also related to the Hel of Germanic mythology. See also hele. ==== Proper noun ==== hell (in many religions, uncountable) A place of torment where some or all sinners are believed to go after death and evil spirits are believed to be. Antonym: heaven ===== Synonyms ===== See Thesaurus:afterlife ===== Descendants ===== → Korean: 헬 (hel) ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== hell (countable and uncountable, plural hells) (countable, hyperbolic, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life. 1879, General William T. Sherman, commencement address at the Michigan Military Academy (countable) A place for gambling. (figuratively) An extremely hot place. (sometimes vulgar) Used as an intensifier in phrases grammatically requiring a noun. (obsolete) A place into which a tailor throws shreds, or a printer discards broken type. In certain games of chase, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (colloquial, usually with on) Something extremely painful or harmful (to) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Interjection ==== hell (colloquial, sometimes vulgar) Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger. (no longer productive) Used to emphasize. Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but. ===== Derived terms ===== hell's bells hell no hells hell yes, hell yeah, hells yeah oh hell ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== damn heck ==== Adverb ==== hell (not comparable) (postpositional) Alternative form of the hell or like hell. 1990, Mama's Family (television sitcom), "Look Who's Breathing" (season 6, episode 18) - Oh, aren't they sweet?- Sweet, hell. They look like Tweedledum and Tweedledumber. (Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, sometimes vulgar) Very; used to emphasize strongly. Synonym: hella ==== Verb ==== hell (third-person singular simple present hells, present participle helling, simple past and past participle helled) To make hellish; to place (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell. [from 17th c.] To hurry, rush. [from 19th c.] (intransitive) To move quickly and loudly; to raise hell as part of motion. === Etymology 2 === From German hellen (“to brighten, burnish”). Related to Dutch hel (“clear, bright”) and German hell (“clear, bright”). ==== Verb ==== hell (third-person singular simple present hells, present participle helling, simple past and past participle helled) (rare, metal-working) To add luster to; to burnish (silver or gold). === Etymology 3 === From Middle English hellen, from Old Norse hella (“to pour”), from Proto-Germanic *halþijaną (“to incline, tip; to pour out, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to lean, incline”). Cognate with Icelandic hella (“to pour”), Norwegian helle (“to pour”), Swedish hälla (“to pour”). See also English hield. ==== Verb ==== hell (third-person singular simple present hells, present participle helling, simple past and past participle helled) (rare) To pour. 18th century, Josiah Relph, The Harvest; or Bashful Shepherd Gosh, the sickle went into me handː Down hell'd the bluid. == Albanian == === Etymology === From Proto-Albanian *skōla, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kol- (“stake”); compare Lithuanian kuõlas, Polish kół, Ancient Greek σκύλος (skúlos). === Noun === hell m (plural heje, definite helli, definite plural hejet) skewer spear icicle (adverb) standing straight without moving == Cornish == === Noun === hell aspirate mutation of kell == Estonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *hellä. Cognate to Finnish hellä and Votic elle. === Adjective === hell (genitive hella, partitive hella, comparative hellem, superlative kõige hellem) tender, gentle ==== Declension ==== == German == === Etymology === From Middle High German hel (“resounding, loud, shining, bright”), from Old High German hel (“resounding”), from Proto-Germanic *halliz (“resounding”), from Proto-Germanic *hellaną (“to resound, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, make noise”). Cognate with Dutch hel. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɛl/ === Adjective === hell (strong nominative masculine singular heller, comparative heller, superlative am hellsten) clear, bright, light Antonym: dunkel 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 9: ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== hellhörig hellsichtig hellwach ==== Related terms ==== sternenhell taghell === Further reading === “hell” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache “hell” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “hell” in Duden online == Luxembourgish == === Etymology === From Old High German hel, related to the verb hellan, from Proto-Germanic *hellaną (“to resound”). Cognate with German helle, Dutch hel. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hæl/ Rhymes: -æl Homophone: Häll === Adjective === hell (masculine hellen, neuter hellt, comparative méi hell, superlative am hellsten) clear, bright light, pale ==== Declension ==== == Middle English == === Proper noun === hell alternative form of helle === Noun === hell alternative form of helle == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse heill. ==== Noun ==== hell n (definite singular hellet, indefinite plural hell, definite plural hella or hellene) luck === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== hell imperative of helle === Further reading === “hell” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === Ultimately from Old Norse heill. ==== Noun ==== hell n (definite singular hellet, indefinite plural hell, definite plural hella) luck === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse heldr. ==== Adverb ==== hell (nonstandard or dialectal) alternative form of heller (“rather, either; neither”) === Further reading === “hell” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. “heller”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016 “helder” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring == Old English == === Alternative forms === hel === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”). Compare German hell (“light”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /xell/, [heɫ] === Noun === hell f hell Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, quoting "Circumdederunt me gemitus" ==== Declension ==== Strong ō-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle (Early Middle English)English: hell, HellScots: hell, Hell == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish heel, from Old Norse heill (“good omen, luck”, literally “whole, healthy”). Doublet of hel. === Interjection === hell (archaic) hail (exclamation or greeting) ==== Derived terms ==== hell seger (“Sieg Heil”) === References === hell in Svensk ordbok (SO) hell in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) hell in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) hell in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922) == Welsh == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɛɬ/ === Etymology 1 === ==== Adjective ==== hell (not mutable) (neologism, literary) feminine singular of hyll ===== Usage notes ===== This is a rare term formed by analogy with cref, gwen etc. as feminine forms of cryf (“strong”), gwyn (“white”) etc., rather than inherited. ===== Quotations ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== hell (not mutable) h-prothesized form of ell === Further reading === D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “hell”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “hell”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies