heft

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA(key): /hɛft/ (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /heft/ Rhymes: -ɛft === Etymology 1 === The noun is derived from Late Middle English heft (“heaviness; something heavy, a weight”), from heven (“to lift, raise; to make an effort to lift or raise, heave”) + -th (suffix denoting a condition, quality, state of being, etc., forming nouns), by analogy with the development of weft from weven (modern English weave), etc. (also compare words like cleft from cleave, and theft from thieve, where the development occurred in Old English or earlier languages). The English word is analysable as heave +‎ -t (suffix forming nouns from verbs). The verb is probably derived from the noun. ==== Noun ==== heft (countable and uncountable, plural hefts) (uncountable) The feel of the weight of something; heaviness. Synonym: heftiness (dated except UK, dialectal and US) The force exerted by an object due to gravitation; weight. (figurative) Graveness, seriousness; gravity. (figurative) Importance, influence; weight. (US, informal, dated) The greater part of something; the bulk, the mass. (countable) (UK, dialectal) An act of lifting; a lift. (obsolete) An act of heaving (lifting with difficulty); an instance of violent exertion or straining. ===== Alternative forms ===== haft ===== Derived terms ===== heftiness hefty ===== Translations ===== Albanian: rëndësia ==== Verb ==== heft (third-person singular simple present hefts, present participle hefting, simple past and past participle hefted) (UK, dialectal and US, informal) (transitive) To lift or lift up (something, especially a heavy object). Synonym: hoist To test the weight of (something) by lifting. (figurative) To evaluate or test (someone or something). (intransitive) To have (substantial) weight; to weigh. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From heave +‎ -t (suffix forming the past and/or past participle forms of verbs). ==== Verb ==== heft (obsolete) simple past and past participle of heave [16th–17th c.] === Etymology 3 === The noun is borrowed from Scots heft, haft (“pasture which sheep are familiar with; attachment of sheep to a pasture; number of sheep grazing on such a pasture; (obsolete) place of residence; situation”), probably from Old Norse hefð (“occupation; possession; prescriptive right”), from hafa (“to have; to keep, retain”), from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have; to hold”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-, *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”). The verb is borrowed from Scots heft (“to cause (cattle or sheep) to become familiar with a pasture; of animals: to become familiar with a pasture; (figurative) of a person: to become settled in an occupation or place”), probably from Old Norse hefða (“to acquire prescriptive rights”), from hefð (noun): see above. Both the noun and verb may have been influenced by Scots heft (“(noun) handle of an implement, haft; (verb) to fit (an implement) with a handle”). ==== Noun ==== heft (plural hefts) (Northern England, Scotland, agriculture) A piece of pastureland which farm animals (chiefly cattle or sheep) have become accustomed to. A flock or group of farm animals (chiefly cattle or sheep) which have become accustomed to a particular piece of pastureland. ===== Alternative forms ===== haft ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== heft (third-person singular simple present hefts, present participle hefting, simple past and past participle hefted) (Northern England, Scotland) (transitive) (agriculture) To accustom (a flock or group of farm animals, chiefly cattle or sheep) to a piece of pastureland. (figurative) To establish or settle (someone) in an occupation or place of residence. To establish or plant (something) firmly in a place; to fix, to root, to settle. (intransitive, reflexive) Of a thing: to establish or settle itself in a place. ===== Alternative forms ===== haft ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from Scots heft, from Old Norse hepta (“to bind; to hinder, impede; to hold back, restrain”), from Proto-Germanic *haftijaną (“to bind; to secure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to hold, seize”). ==== Verb ==== heft (third-person singular simple present hefts, present participle hefting, simple past and past participle hefted) (transitive, chiefly Scotland, usually passive voice) (agriculture) To cause (milk) to be held in a cow's udder until the latter becomes hard and swollen, either by not milking the cow or by stopping up the teats, to make the cow look healthy; also, to cause (a cow) to have an udder in this condition. (by extension) To cause (urine) to be held in a person's bladder. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 5 === Borrowed from German Heft (“issue of a serial publication, number; magazine; notebook; notepad”), a back-formation from heften (“to fasten”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *haftijaną (“to bind; to secure”): see further at etymology 4. ==== Noun ==== heft (plural hefts) A number of sheets of paper fastened together, as to form a book or a notebook. A part of a serial publication; a fascicle, an issue, a number. ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === heft (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɦɛft/ Hyphenation: heft Rhymes: -ɛft === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch hefte, from Old Dutch *hefti, from Proto-West Germanic *haftī, from Proto-Germanic *haftiją. Forms with -cht- were dominant in Middle Dutch. ==== Noun ==== heft n (plural heften, diminutive heftje n) handle of a knife or other tool, haft, hilt (metaphor, used absolutely: het heft) control, charge Synonyms: gevest, handgreep Zij heeft hier het heft in handen. ― She runs the show here. ===== Alternative forms ===== hecht ===== Derived terms ===== het heft in eigen handen nemen === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== heft inflection of heffen: second/third-person singular present indicative (archaic) plural imperative == Kashubian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Heft. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈxɛft/ Rhymes: -ɛft Syllabification: heft === Noun === heft m inan (diminutive heftk or herfcëk) notebook Synonym: zesziwk ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “zeszyt”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[4] “heft”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Middle English == === Alternative forms === hefte === Etymology === From heven, on the model of weven and weft. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɛft/ === Noun === heft (plural heftis) (Late Middle English, rare) weight ==== Descendants ==== English: heft ⇒ Yola: heifteen, heiftem ==== References ==== “heft, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Northern Kurdish == === Etymology === From Proto-Iranian *haptá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥. Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (hapta), Persian هفت (haft), Ossetian авд (avd), Pashto اووه (uwə). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ħɛft/ Hyphenation: heft Rhymes: -ɛft === Numeral === heft seven == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From the verb hefte. === Noun === heft n (definite singular heftet, indefinite plural heft, definite plural hefta) encumberment === Verb === heft imperative of hefta === References === “heft” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Scots == === Etymology === The noun is probably derived from Old Norse hefð (“occupation; possession; prescriptive right”), from hafa (“to have; to keep, retain”), from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have; to hold”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-, *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”). The verb is probably derived from Old Norse hefða (“to acquire prescriptive rights”), from hefð (noun): see above. Both the noun and verb may have been influenced by Scots heft (“(noun) handle of an implement, haft; (verb) to fit (an implement) with a handle”). === Noun === heft (agriculture) A piece of pastureland which farm animals (chiefly cattle or sheep) have become accustomed to. A flock or group of farm animals (chiefly cattle or sheep) which have become accustomed to a particular piece of pastureland. ==== Alternative forms ==== haft === Verb === heft (third-person singular simple present hefts, present participle heftin, simple past and past participle heftit) (transitive) (agriculture) To accustom (a flock or group of farm animals, chiefly cattle or sheep) to a piece of pastureland. (figurative) To establish or settle (someone) in an occupation or place of residence. To establish or plant (something) firmly in a place; to fix, to root, to settle. (intransitive, reflexive) Of a thing: to establish or settle itself in a place. ==== Alternative forms ==== haft === References ===