haastaa

== Finnish == === Etymology === Probably from Proto-Finnic *hagastadak, derived from unattested *haka (“quarrel, legal matter”) (earlier *šaka), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sakō. Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian žósti (“to say”)). Related to Karelian hoastoa. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈhɑːstɑːˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝ːs̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)] Rhymes: -ɑːstɑː Syllabification(key): haas‧taa Hyphenation(key): haas‧taa === Verb === haastaa (transitive) to challenge [with illative ‘to’] (transitive, usually atelic) to defy, dare (law, transitive) to summon (intransitive, Eastern Finnish) to speak, talk Synonyms: puhua, kertoa ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Ingrian: haastaa === References === === Further reading === “haastaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023 == Ingrian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Finnish haastaa. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhɑːstɑː/, [ˈhɑːs̠tɑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhɑːstɑː/, [ˈhɑːʃtɑː] Rhymes: -ɑːstɑː Hyphenation: haas‧taa === Verb === haastaa (intransitive) to speak (in Finnish, rather than Ingrian) ==== Usage notes ==== läätä refers to speaking in general, but may imply an Izhorian ethnicity of the speaker. haastaa instead refers to speaking by a (Lutheran) Finn. In some Lutheran villages, or those that were formerly Lutheran, haastaa is still used as a basic verb for speaking instead of läätä. ==== Conjugation ==== Note the irregular gradation (st-ss gradation would be expected) === References === Fedor Tumansky (1790), “гаста”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 697 Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 53