hồng

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === hường === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅 (“red”). Semantic shift like this can be seen with other Sino-Vietnamese items that did not displace native terms but were nevertheless borrowed, see trúc (“Phyllostachys spp.”), huyết (“blood curd”). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [həwŋ͡m˨˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [həwŋ͡m˦˩] (Saigon) IPA(key): [həwŋ͡m˨˩] === Adjective === hồng pink (only in compounds) red ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== đỏ; son === Noun === (classifier cây, trái, quả) hồng persimmon (Diospyros kaki) (classifier đoá) hồng (hoa, bông ~) rose (Rosa) 1842, Karl Marx, “Fünfter Artikel (Fifth Article)” in Debatten über Preßfreiheit und Publikation der Landständischen Verhandlungen (Debates on Freedom of the Press and Publication of the Proceedings of the Assembly of the Estates); 2010 [1975] English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, “Vol. 1”; 1995 Vietnamese translation from C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn Tập [K. Marx & F. Engels Complete Works], “Vol. 1” ==== Usage notes ==== When used alone, hồng almost always denotes persimmons, and only on rare occasions does hồng denote roses. When used to denote roses, hồng is almost always preceded by the classifier đoá (resulting in "đoá hồng"), the noun bông or hoa (resulting in "hoa hồng" or "bông hồng"), or both đoá then any of those nouns (resulting in "đoá hoa hồng" or "đoá bông hồng"); even so, note that bông functions as a classifier in the expression "bông hoa hồng". To denote rose plants, either hoa or bông is required after classifier cây (resulting in "cây bông hồng" or "cây hoa hồng"). On the other hand, when preceded by đoá, bông, hoa, nụ (“bud”), cánh (“petal”), or cành, nhành, nhánh (the last three meaning "(botany) branch"), hồng denotes roses, not persimmons. ==== See also ==== thị (“yellow persimmon, Diospyros decandra”) cậy (“date-plum, Diospyros lotus”)