hạ tầng

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === (dated) hạ tằng === Etymology === 下 (hạ, “lower; below”) + tầng (“level”). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [haː˧˨ʔ təŋ˨˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [haː˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩] (Saigon) IPA(key): [haː˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩] === Noun === hạ tầng short for hạ tầng cơ sở (“infrastructure”) (uncommon) underlying foundation or basis === Verb === hạ tầng (colloquial) short for hạ tầng công tác (“to downgrade (as a form of disciplinary action)”)