grapper

== English == === Etymology === Related to grapple. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡɹæpəɹ/ Rhymes: -æpə(ɹ) === Noun === grapper (plural grappers) A metal ring or leather strap on the base of a lance behind the grip, designed to stop the lance from moving backward by catching on the lance rest or on the lancer's chest and arm when the lance was tucked into the armpit. Synonym: grate 1997, Professor Department of History Sydney Anglo, Sydney Anglo, Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy, Oxford University Press on Demand Likewise , if the jouster's spear were tied with 'thonge' or 'grappers', he should be ejected ignominiously. (obsolete) A grappling hook or grappling iron. 1905 (quoting an older work?), Essentials in Medieval and Modern History, page 230: Then began a sore battle on both parts: archers and cross-bows began to shoot, and men of arms approached and fought hand to hand, and the better to come together they had great hooks and grappers of iron to cast out of one ship into another, and so tied them fast together. 1910 (quoting an older work?), Voyages and Travels, Ancient and Modern, page 161: […] we sailed in towards the city, and let fall our grappers [grappling irons] betwixt the island and the Main, right over against the goodly Garden Island. ==== Translations ==== == Middle French == === Verb === grapper to pick grapes ==== Conjugation ==== Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive. == Old French == === Verb === grapper alternative form of graper ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-pp, *-pps, *-ppt are modified to p, s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.