góra

== Kalasha == === Etymology === From Sanskrit गौर (gaura). === Adjective === góra white === Noun === góra white == Kashubian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gorà. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡwo.ra/ Rhymes: -ora Syllabification: gó‧ra === Noun === góra f mountain attic; upstairs === Further reading === Stefan Ramułt (1893), “gòra”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 42 Jan Trepczyk (1994), “góra”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volume 1, page 185 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “góra”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2], volume 1, page 463 “góra”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Lower Sorbian == === Alternative forms === gora (obsolete) === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ra/, /ˈɡɨ.ra/, (dated) /ˈɡʊ.ra/ Rhymes: -ɛra, -ɨra, -ʊra Syllabification: gó‧ra === Noun === góra f (diminutive górka) mountain ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “góra”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “góra¹”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora with unexpected lengthening of -o-. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡɔːra/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɡora/ === Noun === góra f (diminutive górka, related adjective górny) (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia, Silesia) mountain (area of elevated land) (hapax legomenon) mountainside forest (woodland on the slope of a mountain) (attested in Silesia) top; up (higher part of something; upward direction) (attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon) top (higher part of something; upward direction) (attested in Kuyavia) The meaning of this term is uncertain. (attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) upper hand, advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end) (attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) upper hand, advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: góra Silesian: gōra === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “góra”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Mańczak, Witold (2017), “góra”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “góra”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “góra”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “góra”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna K. Nitsch, editor (1958), “góra”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 2, Wrocław, Kraków, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 477 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2998”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska-Różycka, Magdalena Klapper, Tomasz Kolowca, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Joanna Duska, Maria Bugajska, Jan German, Beata Hejmo, Iwona Nobis, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, editors (2024), “góra”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk Wanda Decyk-Zięba; Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa; Stanisław Dubisz; Zygmunt Gałecki; Justyna Garczyńska; Halina Karaś; Alina Kępińska; Anna Pasoń; Izabela Stąpor; Barbara Taras; Izabela Winiarska-Górska (2008), “gora”, in Wanda Decyk-Zięba, Stanisław Dubisz, editors, Glosariusz staropolski - dydaktyczny słownik etymologiczny [Old Polish Glossary - Didactic Etymological Dictionary] (in Polish), Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, →ISBN, page 46 == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish góra. Noun sense 4 is preserved in terms such as górnik and was displaced by kopalnia. Doublet of hore. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ura Syllabification: gó‧ra Homophones: Góra, Gura === Noun === góra f (diminutive górka or (dialectal) góreńka, abbreviation g.) (countable) mountain (elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit) (in the plural) mountains, mountain range (Przemyśl) synonym of wyniosłość (“elevation”) (uncountable) top; up (higher part of some object; upmost part of something) Antonym: dół Góra strony powinna być pusta. ― The top of the page should be empty. (uncountable, now standard, originally dialectal, Lasovia, Tarnobrzeg, Biecz, Brzeziny, Western Kraków, Zebrzydowice, Kielce, Opoczno, Podegrodzie, Kuyavia, Masovian Borderland, Łowicz) upstairs; attic; garret Synonyms: poddasze, strych (colloquial) higher-ups Synonym: władza (uncountable, music) upper range of a singer (countable, obsolete) upper course of a river Hypernym: bieg (countable, Middle Polish) beginning, start (first part of something; top of a piece of text) Synonym: początek (countable) pile (collection of things one on top of the other) Synonyms: kopiec, kupa, sterta, stos (countable, obsolete or dialectal, Kielce, Western Kraków) mine (place for extracting resources) Synonym: kopalnia (countable, obsolete, except in set phrases) upper hand, advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end) Synonym: przewaga wziąć górę/brać górę ― to get the better of (countable, Middle Polish, geography) cape (piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake) Synonym: przylądek (Middle Polish) surface (external part of something) Synonym: wierzch (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Trivia ==== According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), góra is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 46 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 16 times in essays, 66 times in fiction, and 34 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 172 times, making it the 334th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === Particle === góra at most, tops Synonym: najwyżej Skończę za dwa, góra trzy dni. ― I'll finish in two, three days at most. === References === === Further reading === góra I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN góra II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN góra in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “gora”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Włodzimierz Gruszczyński (12.12.2024), “GÓRA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century] Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “góra”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “góra”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “góra”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 887 Jan Karłowicz (1901), “góra”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 111 Aleksander Saloni (1899), “góra”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny‎[30] (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 238 Aleksander Saloni (1908), “góra”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne‎[31] (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 334 Małgorzata Kapusta (2017), “góra”, in Mowa mieszkańców pogranicza Mazowsza (na przykładzie gminy Głowaczów w powiecie kozienickim) (in Polish), Warsaw: Elipsa, →ISBN, page 78 Marzena Kozanecka-Zwierz, Magdalena Bartosiewicz, Renata Marciniak-Firadza, editors (2014), “góra”, in Gwara – Księżaków "język ojczysty" Dziedzictwo regionu łowickiego (in Polish), Łowicz: Muzeum w Łowiczu, →ISBN, page 31 == Slovincian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gorà. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡo.ra/ Rhymes: -ora Syllabification: gó‧ra === Noun === góra f (diminutive górka, related adjective górny or górzëszczô) mountain (elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit) === Further reading === Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “gȯ́u̯ră”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎[32] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 287