fume

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust. === Pronunciation === (UK) IPA(key): /fjuːm/ Rhymes: -uːm === Noun === fume (plural fumes) A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale. Synonym: effluvium A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery. (obsolete) A passionate person. ==== Usage notes ==== In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed) (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints. (transitive) To apply or offer incense to. (intransitive) To emit fumes. (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours. (intransitive or reporting verb, figuratively) To express or feel great anger. (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied. ==== Derived terms ==== fuming sulfuric acid ==== Translations ==== == Asturian == === Verb === fume first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fym/ Homophones: fument, fumes, fûmes === Verb === fume inflection of fumer: first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Anagrams === meuf == Galician == === Alternative forms === fumo === Etymology === Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈfumɪ] === Noun === fume m (plural fumes) smoke 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326: fume Synonyms: bafo, vapor (figurative, in the plural) haughtiness ==== Related terms ==== === Verb === fume inflection of fumar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative === References === Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “fume”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “fume”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fume”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fume”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fume”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN == Latin == === Noun === fūme vocative singular of fūmus == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fūmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós. ==== Alternative forms ==== fwme, feum, fewme ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /fiu̯m/ ==== Noun ==== fume (plural fumes) Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke. Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation. (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings. (rare) An airborne scent or odour. ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: fume Scots: fume ===== References ===== “fūme, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 September 2018. === Etymology 2 === From Old French fumer. ==== Verb ==== fume alternative form of fumen == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Verb === fume (present tense fumar, past tense fuma, past participle fuma, passive infinitive fumast, present participle fumande, imperative fume/fum) (pre-2012) alternative form of fomme == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === === Verb === fume inflection of fumar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Spanish == === Verb === fume inflection of fumar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Tarantino == === Noun === fume smoke