fold

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈfəʊld/, [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d], [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] (General American, Canada) enPR: fōld, IPA(key): /foʊld/ (General Australian) IPA(key): /fəʉld/, [fəʉɫd] (New Zealand) IPA(key): /faʉld/, [faʉɫd] Homophone: foaled Rhymes: -əʊld === Etymology 1 === The verb is from Middle English folden, from Old English fealdan, from Proto-West Germanic *falþan, from Proto-Germanic *falþaną (“to fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to fold”). The noun is from Middle English folde, falde, itself derived from the verb. ==== Verb ==== fold (third-person singular simple present folds, present participle folding, simple past folded, past participle folded or (obsolete) folden) (transitive) To bend (any thin material, such as paper) over so that it comes in contact with itself. (transitive) To make the proper arrangement (in a thin material) by bending. (transitive) To draw or coil (one’s arms, a snake’s body, etc.) around something so as to enclose or embrace it. (transitive, cooking) To stir (semisolid ingredients) gently, with an action as if folding over a solid. 8 Jan 2020, Felicity Cloake in The Guardian, How to make the perfect gluten-free chocolate brownies – recipe if you want to make life really easy for yourself, may I point you in the direction of Sunflour’s recipe, which folds four eggs and 150g ground almonds into 500g chocolate spread. (intransitive) To become folded; to form folds. (intransitive, informal) To fall over; to collapse or give way; to be crushed. Synonyms: buckle, cave, cave in, crumple (intransitive) To give way on a point or in an argument. Synonyms: buckle; cave; cave in; crumple (intransitive, poker) To withdraw from betting. (intransitive, by extension) To withdraw or quit in general. (intransitive) To fail, to collapse, to disband. (intransitive, business) Of a company, to cease to trade. (transitive) To double or lay together (one’s arms, hands, wings, etc.) so as to overlap with each other. (transitive, obsolete) To plait or mat (hair) together. (transitive) To enclose in a fold of material, to swathe, wrap up, cover, enwrap. (transitive) To enclose within folded arms, to clasp, to embrace (see also enfold). (transitive, figuratively) To cover up, to conceal. (transitive, obsolete) To ensnare, to capture. (transitive, computing) To split (a line of text) across multiple lines, to obey line length limitations. Antonym: unfold ===== Synonyms ===== (bend (thin material) over): bend, crease (fall over): fall over (give way on a point or in an argument): concede, give in, give way, yield ===== Antonyms ===== unfold ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== ⇒ Czech: foldovat ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== fold (plural folds) An act of folding. Synonyms: bending, creasing Any correct move in origami. That which is folded together, or which enfolds or envelops. A bend or crease. Synonyms: bend, crease A layer, typically of folded or wrapped cloth. Synonym: ply A clasp, embrace. A coil of a snake’s body. (obsolete) A wrapping or covering. One of the doorleaves of a folding door. A gentle curve of the ground; gentle hill or valley. (geology) The bending or curving of one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, as a result of plastic (i.e. permanent) deformation. (newspapers) The division between the top and bottom halves of a broadsheet: headlines above the fold will be readable in a newsstand display; usually the fold. (by extension, web design) The division between the part of a web page visible in a web browser window without scrolling; usually the fold. (functional programming) Any of a family of higher-order functions that process a data structure recursively to build up a value. (programming) A section of source code that can be collapsed out of view in an editor to aid readability. One individual part of something described as manifold, twofold, fourfold, etc. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === The noun is from Middle English fold, fald, from Old English fald, falæd, falod (“fold, stall, stable, cattle-pen”), from Proto-West Germanic *falud, from Proto-Germanic *faludaz (“enclosure”). Akin to Scots fald, fauld (“an enclosure for livestock”), Dutch vaalt (“dung heap”), Middle Low German valt, vālt (“an inclosed space, a yard”), Danish fold (“pen for herbivorous livestock”), Swedish fålla (“corral, pen, pound”). The verb is from Late Middle English fooldyn, itself derived from the noun. ==== Noun ==== fold (plural folds) A pen or enclosure for sheep or other domestic animals. Synonyms: enclosure, pen, penfold, pinfold Any enclosed piece of land belonging to a farm or mill; yard, farmyard. An enclosure or dwelling generally. (collective) A group of sheep or goats, particularly those kept in a given enclosure. Synonym: flock (figuratively) Home, family. Synonyms: home, family (Christianity) A church congregation, a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church; also, the Christian church as a whole, the flock of Christ. Synonyms: congregation, flock (figuratively) A group of people with shared ideas or goals or who live or work together. Synonyms: cohort, community ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== fold (third-person singular simple present folds, present participle folding, simple past and past participle folded) (transitive) To confine (animals) in a fold, to pen in. (transitive, figuratively) To include in a spiritual ‘flock’ or group of the saved, etc. (transitive) To place sheep on (a piece of land) in order to manure it. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English folde, from Old English folde (“earth, land, country, district, region, territory, ground, soil, clay”), from Proto-Germanic *fuldǭ, *fuldō (“earth, ground; field; the world”). Cognate with Old Norse fold (“earth, land, field”), Norwegian and Icelandic fold (“land, earth, meadow”). ==== Noun ==== fold (uncountable) (dialectal, poetic or obsolete) The Earth; earth; land, country. === Anagrams === FLOD == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɔl/, [fʌlˀ] Rhymes: -ɒl === Etymology 1 === from Old Norse faldr (“seam”). ==== Noun ==== fold c (singular definite folden, plural indefinite folder) fold crease wrinkle ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Danish fald, from Middle Low German valde, from Old Saxon *faled, from Proto-West Germanic *falud. ==== Noun ==== fold c (singular definite folden, plural indefinite folde) fold, pen ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === From Old Norse -faldr. ==== Noun ==== fold n multiple === Etymology 4 === See folde (“to fold”). ==== Verb ==== fold imperative of folde === See also === fold on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse fold. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [fɔlt] Rhymes: -ɔlt === Noun === fold f (genitive singular foldar, nominative plural foldir) (poetic) earth, ground, land ==== Declension ==== == Middle English == === Alternative forms === fald, feld, vold === Etymology === From Old English fald, falæd, falod, from Proto-West Germanic *falud, from Proto-Germanic *faludaz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɔːld/ === Noun === fold (plural foldes) A pen, enclosure, or shelter for domesticated animals. ==== Descendants ==== English: fold Scots: fald, fauld → Welsh: ffald ==== References ==== “fōld, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Verb === fold imperative of folde == Old Norse == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *fuldō (“earth, ground; field; the world”). === Noun === fold f (poetic) earth, land; field 9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 5: 900-1100, The Alvíssmál, verses 9 and 10: ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Icelandic: fold ⇒ Norwegian: Norwegian Bokmål: Vestfold, Østfold Norwegian Nynorsk: Vestfold, Austfold, Østfold === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “fold”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive