firm

== English == === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /fɜɹm/, [fɚm] (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɜːm/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m === Etymology 1 === From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”). ==== Noun ==== firm (plural firms) (UK, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades. (business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:enterprise (slang) A criminal gang, especially based around football hooliganism. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma. ==== Adjective ==== firm (comparative firmer, superlative firmest) Steadfast, secure, solid (in position) Fixed (in opinion). a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent firm favourites Insistent upon something, not accepting dissent. Durable, rigid (material state). firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood; firm land (i.e. not soft and marshy) Mentally resistant to hurt or stress. Not frivolous or fallacious; trustworthy; solid; dependable. ===== Synonyms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Adverb ==== firm (comparative more firm, superlative most firm) (now rare) firmly, steadily ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English fermen (“to make firm”), partly from (either through Old French fermer or directly) Latin firmō, from firmus (“firm”, adjective), and partly a new formation on the adjective. ==== Verb ==== firm (third-person singular simple present firms, present participle firming, simple past and past participle firmed) (transitive) To make firm or strong; fix securely. (transitive) To make compact or resistant to pressure; solidify. (intransitive) To become firm; stabilise. (intransitive) To improve after decline. (intransitive, Australia) To shorten (of betting odds). (transitive, colloquial) To grit one's teeth and bear; to push through something unpleasant. (transitive, UK, slang) To select (a higher education institution) as one's preferred choice, so as to enrol automatically if one's grades match the conditional offer. ===== Derived terms ===== firming agent ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === Firm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911) === Anagrams === FRIM, fMRI, frim == Chinese == === Etymology 1 === From English firm. ==== Pronunciation ==== ==== Adjective ==== firm (Hong Kong Cantonese) (of muscles) firm; strong; solid 她說：「而家33C，size OK，但想再firm啲，不過亞洲女性唔可以好似鬼妹咁大，最緊要襯身形。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]她说：「而家33C，size OK，但想再firm啲，不过亚洲女性唔可以好似鬼妹咁大，最紧要衬身形。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]taa1 syut3: “ji4 gaa1 33C, saai1 si2 ou1 kei1, daan6 soeng2 zoi3 foem1 di1, bat1 gwo3 aa3 zau1 neoi5 sing3 m4 ho2 ji5 hou2 ci5 gwai2 mui6-1 gam3 daai6, zeoi3 gan2 jiu3 can3 san1 jing4. [Jyutping]She said, “[My breasts] are now 33C, the size is ok but I want it to be more firm. However [the breasts of] Asian women won't be as large as [those of] Caucasian women. Most importantly, they should match one's body shape.” 問到何以仍未修身，她表示：「我的三圍沒有變，但身形firm咗少少，體重無變唔緊要，最重要觀感OK。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]问到何以仍未修身，她表示：「我的三围没有变，但身形firm咗少少，体重无变唔紧要，最重要观感OK。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]man6 dou3 ho4 ji5 jing4 mei6 sau1 san1, taa1 biu2 si6: “ngo5 dik1 saam1 wai4 mut6 jau5 bin3, daan6 san1 jing4 foem1 zo2 siu2 siu2, tai2 cung5 mou5 bin3 m4 gan2 jiu3, zeoi3 zung6 jiu3 gun1 gam2 ou1 kei1. [Jyutping]When asked why she had not loosen weight yet, she said “her measurements had not change, but the body shape is a bit more solid. It is fine if my weight did not change, most importantly the impressions should be good.” firm; insistent; staunch 太古城居民丁女士解釋投票給葉劉的理由，是因為葉劉當年推銷第二十三條，有一幕是她坐在車上，示威者不斷辱駡她，而她仍氣定神閒看書，令丁女士「覺得佢個人好firm（堅定）」，故投她一票。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]太古城居民丁女士解释投票给叶刘的理由，是因为叶刘当年推销第二十三条，有一幕是她坐在车上，示威者不断辱骂她，而她仍气定神闲看书，令丁女士「觉得佢个人好firm（坚定）」，故投她一票。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]taai3 gu2 sing4 geoi1 man4 ding1 neoi5 si6 gaai2 sik1 tau4 piu3 kap1 jip6 lau4-2 dik1 lei5 jau4, si6 jan1 wai6 jip6 lau4-2 dong1 nin4 teoi1 siu1 dai6 ji6 sap6 saam1 tiu4, jau5 jat1 mok6 si6 taa1 zo6 zoi6 ce1 soeng6, si6 wai1 ze2 bat1 dyun6 juk6 maa6 taa1, ji4 taa1 jing4 hei3 ding6 san4 haan4 hon3 syu1, ling6 ding1 neoi5 si6 “gok3 dak1 keoi5 go3 jan4 hou2 foem1 (gin1 ding6)”, gu3 tau4 taa1 jat1 piu3. [Jyutping]Mrs Ting, a resident of Tai Koo Shing, explained her reason of voting for Regina Ip. When Regina Ip was promoting Article 23, there was a scene involved her sitting inside a car and protestors kept insulting her, but she still read a book unperturbed. This made Mrs Ting “thinks that she is a staunch person”, therefore she voted for her. (neologism) awesome; fantastic; amazing; terrific 你想要最firm最warm嘅hall life？咁就要嚟民殷堂呢個大家庭喇！ [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]你想要最firm最warm嘅hall life？咁就要嚟民殷堂呢个大家庭喇！ [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]nei5 soeng2 jiu3 zeoi3 foem1 zeoi3 wom1 ge3 ho1 life? gam2 zau6 jiu3 lai4 man4 jan1 tong4 ni1 go3 daai6 gaa1 ting4 laa3! [Jyutping]Do you want to have the most awesome and caring dorm experience? Then you should join the big family of Minyin Hall! (neologism, of relationship between friends) close; intimate ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Noun ==== firm (Hong Kong Cantonese) firm; business (Classifier: 間／间 c) 「冇去邊間firm，辭職即係唔做嘢。」 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]「冇去边间firm，辞职即系唔做嘢。」 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]“mou5 heoi3 bin1 gaan1 foem1, ci4 zik1 zik1 hai6 m4 zou6 je5.” [Jyutping]“It's not the question of me going to which firm, I'm quitting, that is, I won't be working.” === Etymology 2 === Clipping of English confirm. ==== Pronunciation ==== ==== Verb ==== firm (Hong Kong Cantonese) to confirm; to finalize 她接著道：「也有的，他們需要時間process，但我們那邊的細節常常都未firm，我明白他們的難處，但這也是沒有辦法的事。」 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]她接著道：「也有的，他们需要时间process，但我们那边的细节常常都未firm，我明白他们的难处，但这也是没有办法的事。」 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]taa1 zip3 zoek6 dou6: “jaa5 jau5 dik1, taa1 mun4 seoi1 jiu3 si4 gaan3 pro1 ses4, daan6 ngo5 mun4 naa5 bin1 dik1 sai3 zit3 soeng4 soeng4 dou1 mei6 foem1, ngo5 ming4 baak6 taa1 mun4 dik1 naan4 cyu3, daan6 ze2 jaa5 si6 mut6 jau5 baan6 faat3 dik1 si6.” [Jyutping]She then said, “Well there are [occasions with grumbles], they need time to process it but the details on our side is often not finalized yet. I understand their difficulties but it is what it is.” 我就同佢哋講咗您係佢哋直屬上司，菲密時都簽咗紙Firm咗㗎喇！ [Cantonese, trad.]我就同佢哋讲咗您系佢哋直属上司，菲密时都签咗纸Firm咗㗎喇！ [Cantonese, simp.]ngo5 zau6 tung4 keoi5 dei6 gong2 zo2 nei5 hai6 keoi5 dei6 zik6 suk6 soeng6 si1, fei1 mat6 si4 dou1 cim1 zo2 zi2 foem1 zo2 gaa3 laa3! [Jyutping]I told them you are their direct supervisor, Famous [the boss] also signed documents and confirmed that. ==== Adjective ==== firm (Hong Kong Cantonese) sure; certain ===== Derived terms ===== === References === English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese == German == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin firmus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɪʁm/ === Adjective === firm (strong nominative masculine singular firmer, comparative firmer, superlative am firmsten) (somewhat dated) experienced, well versed Synonyms: erfahren, bewandert ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== firmen === Further reading === “firm” in Duden online “firm” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈfirm/ Rhymes: -irm Syllabification: firm === Noun === firm f genitive plural of firma == Zoogocho Zapotec == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Spanish firma. ==== Noun ==== firm signature ===== Derived terms ===== chgoꞌo firm choꞌo firm === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Spanish firme. ==== Adjective ==== firm firm, fixed === References === Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000), Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎[11] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 220