fel

== Afrikaans == === Etymology === From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɛl/ === Adjective === fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste) ferocious, fierce bright (e.g. sunlight) === Adverb === fel fiercely, ferociously == Catalan == === Etymology === Inherited from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈfɛl] === Noun === fel m or f (plural fels) gall, bile Synonym: bilis (figurative) misery (figurative) rancor Synonym: rancúnia ==== Derived terms ==== fel sobreeixit === Further reading === “fel”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “fel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962. == Cornish == === Adjective === fel astute, crafty, shrewd, sly === Noun === fel mixed mutation of mel == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɛl/ Hyphenation: fel Rhymes: -ɛl === Adjective === fel (comparative feller, superlative felst) bright, shiny (e.g. sunlight) fierce, feisty, even bitter flashy, showy ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: fel → Papiamentu: fel (dated) === Adverb === fel fiercely De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen[*] — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans. ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: fel === Anagrams === elf, lef == Elfdalian == === Etymology === Cognate with Swedish fuller. === Adverb === fel probably, likely == Fala == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈfel/ Rhymes: -el Syllabification: fel === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer and Galician facer. ==== Alternative forms ==== ficel (Valverdeñu) ==== Verb ==== fel (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) to do, make ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese fel , from Vulgar Latin *felem. ==== Alternative forms ==== fe (Lagarteiru) ==== Noun ==== fel f (uncountable) (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) bile === References === Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 142 == Galician == === Etymology === From Old Galician-Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈfɛl/ [ˈfɛɫ] Rhymes: -ɛl Hyphenation: fel === Noun === fel m (plural feles) gall; bile Synonym: bile (figuratively) meanness Synonym: amargura ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “fel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fel”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fel”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN === Further reading === “fel”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026 “fel”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026 == Hungarian == === Alternative forms === föl === Etymology === From Proto-Uralic *pide. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈfɛl] Rhymes: -ɛl === Adverb === fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb) up, upward, upwards (to a physically higher or more elevated position) Synonym: felfelé Antonyms: le, lefelé Coordinate terms: fent, fenn, (at a physically higher position) felül ==== Usage notes ==== This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes. ==== Derived terms ==== See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense. ==== Related terms ==== === Noun === fel (uncountable) (archaic) alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”) Synonyms: (upper part) felső rész, (surface) felület (rare, dialectal) alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) or föl (“cream; the best part”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Adjective === fel (obsolete, only in compounds) upper, higher Synonyms: felső, feljebbi, fentebbi, fentebb/feljebb/magasabban lévő ==== Derived terms ==== === References === === Further reading === (up): fel in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874. == Latin == === Etymology === Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈfɛɫ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈfɛl] === Noun === fel n (genitive fellis); third declension gall bladder gall, bile poison bitterness, venom ==== Declension ==== Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem). All plural forms are rare and none can be found in early Latin authors. The nominative/accusative plural fella is attested from at least the second and third centuries (in Tertullian De Corona Militis and Serenus Sammonicus). The genitive plural is unattested in Classical Latin, and appears as fellium in Caelius Aurelianus. ==== Descendants ==== Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants) === References === “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “fel”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from Old French fel. === Adjective === fel cruel, harsh evil terrible dangerous ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== fellaert (“villain”) felheit, felleheit, felhede, fellede (“cruelty, malice”) fellike, fellijc, fellic, fellich, felleke (“cruely, maliciously, fiercely”) Dutch: fellijk (obsolete) ⇒ fellichheit, fellecheit (“wickedness, malice, injustice”) ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: fel === Adverb === fel maliciously === References === === Further reading === “fel (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “fel (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I == Middle English == === Determiner === fel alternative form of fele (“many”) === Adverb === fel alternative form of fele (“many”) == Old English == === Noun === fel n alternative form of fell == Old French == === Alternative forms === fels, feus, fal === Etymology === From Early Medieval Latin fellō. The oblique case felon comes from the accusative fellōnem. === Noun === fel m nominative singular of felon === Adjective === fel m nominative singular of felon ==== Usage notes ==== In later Old French, fel was also used as the oblique case instead of felon. A feminine fele / felle also develops later on. ==== Descendants ==== → Middle Dutch: fel Dutch: fel → Middle English: fel, fell (or from Old English) English: fell === References === == Old High German == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *fell, whence also Old English fell. === Noun === fël n A fur. ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: vël German: Fell == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɸʲelʲ/ === Verb === fel alternative form of fil === Mutation === == Portuguese == === Etymology === From Old Galician-Portuguese fel, from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw Hyphenation: fel === Noun === fel m (plural féis or feles) sourness, acerbity, bitterness Synonym: azedume (figuratively) sorrow Synonym: amargura (medicine) gall; bile Synonyms: bile, bílis === Further reading === “fel”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “fel”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Hungarian -féle. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈfel/ Rhymes: -el === Noun === fel n (plural feluri) sort, type, kind Synonyms: gen, tip manner, style, way În ce fel? ― In what way? În felul acesta. ― In this way. Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. ― It’s unlike him to be unkind. course of a meal felul unu ― first course felul doi ― second course felul trei ― dessert ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== astfel defel fel de fel într-un fel la fel === References === “fel”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026 == Swedish == === Etymology === See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /feːl/, [feə̯l] Rhymes: -eːl === Adjective === fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel) wrong, incorrect, erroneous ==== Declension ==== No inflected forms. ==== Antonyms ==== rätt, korrekt === Adverb === fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel) wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously ==== See also ==== galet på tok snett === Noun === fel n (uncountable) wrong (incorrectness or moral wrongness), (sometimes, by rephrasing) a mistake Antonym: rätt an error, a fault, a defect, a wrong ==== Declension ==== === Hyponyms === === Derived terms === This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)). === References === “fel”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “fel”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “fel”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == Volapük == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fel/ === Noun === fel (genitive fela, plural fels) field (general) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== See also ==== == Welsh == === Etymology === From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vɛl/ Rhymes: -ɛl === Preposition === fel as, like Nursery rhyme: Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg. White like the snow / Black like the crow / Pink like the rose / Red like the fire / Grey like the squirrel / Yellow like the sun / Blue like the sky / Green like the leaves. / Those are some of the colours, / the colours in Welsh. ==== Related terms ==== hafal === Adverb === fel (South Wales, colloquial) how Synonyms: fel, ffordd Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny? ― How do you know that? ==== Related terms ==== rhywfodd, rhywsut (“somehow”) === References ===