estoffer

== Middle French == === Etymology === From Old French estoffer. === Verb === estoffer to decorate, to garnish ==== Conjugation ==== Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive. ==== Descendants ==== French: étoffer == Old French == === Alternative forms === estofer === Etymology === Borrowed from Old High German stopfōn, stoffōn, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. The source must be an Alemannic dialect, not a Frankish one (as claimed in several sources). Western dialects of Frankish (i.e. Rhine and Central Franconian) did not undergo the shift pp > pf. === Verb === estoffer to decorate, garnish ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ff, *-ffs, *-fft are modified to f, s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: estofferFrench: étoffer → Middle Dutch: stoffēren Dutch: stofferen → Middle Low German: staffēren → German: staffieren → Middle English: stuffen English: stuff → French: stoff Scots: stuff