estoner

== Old French == === Alternative forms === estuner, estouner === Etymology === Based on Latin ex- (“out”) + tono (“I thunder”). === Verb === estoner to stun, daze ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== Bourbonnais: etouna Middle French: estonner, étonner French: étonner Norman: êtonner (Jersiais) Picard: ètonneu (Athois) Walloon: èstèner (Liégeois) → Middle English: stonen, stone, stoynyn (possibly mediated by the past participle estoné)English: stun