dus

== Translingual == === Symbol === dus (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dumi. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Dumi terms == Catalan == === Verb === dus second-person singular present indicative of dur == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈdus] === Verb === dus second-person singular imperative of dusit == Danish == === Etymology === From the pronoun du, under the influence of the obsolete verb duse (“to address informally”), which was borrowed from German duzen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈd̥us] === Adjective === dus (uninflected) (largely historical) in a relationship that would warrant use of the informal du, as opposed to the formal De (by extension) familiar with ==== Usage notes ==== The formal De is all but abandoned outside of certain very impersonal contexts, and using du is never rude. === Adverb === dus in the phrase drikke dus, "to introduce an informal relationship". ==== Coordinate terms ==== Des == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch dos, dus, from Old Dutch thus, from Proto-West Germanic *þus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /dʏs/ Hyphenation: dus Rhymes: -ʏs === Adverb === dus so, therefore, thus, ergo ==== Usage notes ==== Dus is an unusual adverb in that it does not trigger mandatory inversion when it is placed at the front of a clause, instead inversion is optional: dus zij is beter and dus is zij beter are both correct as fronted variants of zij is dus beter. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: dus → Indonesian: dus → Manado Malay: des → Sranan Tongo: dùs → Caribbean Javanese: dhes == Fala == === Etymology 1 === From Old Galician-Portuguese dos, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ us (masculine plural definite article). ==== Alternative forms ==== dos (Mañegu) ==== Contraction ==== dus m pl (singular du, feminine da, feminine plural das) (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) of the === Etymology 2 === ==== Numeral ==== dus f (masculine dois) (Lagarteiru) apocopic form of dúas (“two”) ===== Usage notes ===== In Lagarteiru, this apocopic form is used in place of dúas when preceding a feminine plural noun as part of a noun phrase. === References === Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 30 Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 119 == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /dy/ === Verb === dus first/second-person singular past historic of devoir === Participle === dus m pl masculine plural of dû === Anagrams === sud == German == === Alternative forms === du's === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /duːs/ Hyphenation: dus === Contraction === dus contraction of du +‎ es == Guinea-Bissau Creole == === Etymology === From Portuguese dois. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dos. === Numeral === dus two (2) == Indonesian == === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈdus/ [ˈdʊs] Rhymes: -us Syllabification: dus === Etymology 1 === From Dutch doos. Doublet of dosis. ==== Alternative forms ==== dos (colloquial) ==== Noun ==== dus box (a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container) Synonyms: boks, kardus === Etymology 2 === From Dutch dus (“thus”). ==== Adverb ==== dus (old-fashioned, now rare) thus, so Synonyms: demikian, jadi, maka === Etymology 3 === From Dutch douche. Doublet of douche. ==== Noun ==== dus (colloquial, rare) shower (a device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height) Synonym: pancuran === Further reading === “dus”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Javanese == === Romanization === dus romanization of ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ == Kamkata-viri == === Etymology === From Proto-Nuristani *dosa, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dawšáH (“evening, night”). === Adverb === dus (Western, Northeastern, Southeastern) yesterday === References === == Latvian == === Verb === dus third-person singular/plural present indicative of dusēt (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of dusēt (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of dusēt == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch thus, from Proto-Germanic *þus. === Adverb === dus thus, in this way therefore ==== Alternative forms ==== dos ==== Derived terms ==== aldus ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: dus Limburgish: dös === Further reading === “dus”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “dus”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN == Miskito == === Noun === dus tree wood stick === References === Melgara Brown, Dionisio Francisco (2008), “dus”, in Diccionario español-miskito miskito-español (overall work in Spanish), Waspam, Río Coco, page 291 == Norman == === Verb === dus first-person singular preterite of d'ver == Northern Sami == === Pronunciation === (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈtuːs/ === Pronoun === dūs locative of don == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From du (“you (singular)”), influenced by dus (Etymology 2). === Adjective === dus (singular and plural dus) having sufficient lack of formal distance (of interpersonal relationships) (originally) Being on terms where one may address each other with the 2nd person pronoun du, as opposed to the historically more formal De. Familiar, intimate Informal ==== Antonyms ==== dis == Old French == === Noun === dus m inflection of duc: oblique plural nominative singular == Old Javanese == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ziuq (“bathe”), from Proto-Austronesian *diRus (“bathe”). Doublet of dyus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /dus/ === Noun === dus bath ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Javanese: ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ (dus) (inherited) === Further reading === "dus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982. == Pali == === Etymology === Inherited from Sanskrit दुष् (duṣ). === Root === dus (Pali name dusa) to be bad, to vex ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Romanian == === Etymology === Past participle of duce. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [dus] === Noun === dus n (uncountable) departure ==== Declension ==== === Adjective === dus m or n (feminine singular dusă, masculine plural duși, feminine/neuter plural duse) someone who has left and will not come back dead absent-minded crazy ==== Declension ==== === Verb === dus (past participle of duce) past participle of duce == Romansh == === Alternative forms === duos (Puter, Vallader) === Etymology === From Latin duōs, masculine accusative of duo. === Numeral === dus m (feminine duas) (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) two ==== Usage notes ==== Only Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, and Sutsilvan have a separate feminine form; in Surmiran, dus is epicene.