draugr

== English == === Alternative forms === draug === Noun === draugr (plural draugrs or draugar) (Norse mythology) An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure. ==== Translations ==== == Old Norse == === Pronunciation === (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈdrɑuɣr̩/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ, “revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver”), from Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”). Akin to Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”) and Old High German bitrog (“delusion”), gitrog (“ghost”). See also Finnish raukka. Also borrowed into the Sami-languages through an earlier Proto-Norse form, see Proto-Samic *rāvkë. Related by analogy to etymology 2, such as drumbr (“log; peasant”), dræmr (“slow”); Scanian dråmer, dråmår (“devil”); Dutch drommel, drommels (“devil”); Latin drummedaris (“slow human”); Swedish drög (“nut, idiot”), dröger (“slow human”); Danish drog (“a good-for-nothing”); Scots draighie, draich, draick (“a lazy, lumpish, useless person”), draich (“slow, spiritless”). ==== Noun ==== draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar) (folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook Þáttr Þorsteins skelks, in 1827, S. Egilsson, Þ. Guðmundsson, Fornmanna sögur, Volume III. Copenhagen, page 200: Hann kyndir ofn brennanda, sagði draugrinn. "He kindles furnace's fire", said the ghost. the badly dead Hyponym: Draugadróttinn (Ruler of the dead: Odin) corporeal or manifested revenant, especially those defending their burrial, with vampiric (infectious) traits undead haunting as a malevolent supernatural spirit/being (troll, devil, hobgoblin, nixie etc) Synonym: troll spectre Synonym: troll (Old East Norse) based on descendants + cognates: deceiver; nomen agentis to an unattested cognate to Old Saxon bidriogan, Old High German triogan (“to mislead, deceive”) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== Draugadróttinn (Ruler of the dead: Odin) ===== Descendants ===== Faroese: dreygur Icelandic: draugur Norn: *drau, *drou; *drog (compare 18th c. Norwegian drau → drauv, drov) Scots: drow, trow (effected by troll) English: drow, trow Middle Norwegian: draug, drau Norwegian: draug, drøg, drog, drau, drauv, drøv, drov Old Danish: drog Old Swedish: *drøgher, *draugr Swedish: drög, dröger, draugr (dialectal, archaic/obsolete) Scanian: *drauker, *drau (“devil”) Scanian Swedish: dråker, dråkel, dråe, dråmer, dråmår (“devil”) ⇒ (definite form) drån, dronn, dröken, dråmårn (“the devil, Satan”) ⇒ dråkerskap, dråmerskap, drånskap (“devilment, devilry, mischief”) → Danish: drauge, dravge (learned) → English: draugr, draug (learned) → English: Draugr → Swedish: draug (learned) === Etymology 2 === Possibly a nominalisation of Proto-Germanic *draugiz (though one would expect the vowel to display umlaut) or related to drjúgr. ==== Noun ==== draugr m (poetic) dry wood; tree trunk (poetic) (from the sense of tree-trunk) man, warrior ===== Descendants ===== Icelandic: draugur === Further reading === Richard Cleasby; Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874), “draugr”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 102 Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “draugr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 92; also available at the Internet Archive drög in Rietz, J. E. Svenskt dialektlexikon === References ===