cilium

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsɪl.i.əm/ Rhymes: -ɪliəm === Noun === cilium (plural cilia) (cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors. Hyponym: primary cilium (entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing. (botany) One of the hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ. (anatomy) An eyelash. ==== Hyponyms ==== ciliolum ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== supercilium ==== Translations ==== === See also === flagellum === References === “cilium”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. “cilium”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. == Latin == === Etymology === From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively, compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kŭ́lā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkɪ.li.ũː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃiː.li.um] === Noun === cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension (anatomy) eyelid Synonym: palpebra (transferred sense) lower eyelid Antonym: supercilium (metonymic, Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash Synonym: palpebra ==== Inflection ==== Second-declension noun (neuter). 1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age). ==== Derived terms ==== ciliāris (adjective) intercilium supercilium ==== Descendants ==== (Several via the plural cilia.) === References === === Further reading === “cilium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “cilium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. cilium in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016 Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “cĭlium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 627