chalongier

== Old French == === Alternative forms === calunjer, chalenger, chalengier === Etymology === Inherited from Late Latin calumniāre (Latin calumniārī). === Verb === chalongier to dispute; to challenge (something) to claim to fight; to engage in battle to challenge (someone) ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== → Middle English: chalengen, calange, calangy, calenge, calengen, chalange, chalengyn, challengen, kalangeEnglish: challengeScots: challenge ==== References ==== Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “chalongier”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.