burg

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bɜːɡ/ (General American) IPA(key): /bɝɡ/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ɡ Homophones: berg, burgh (one pronunciation) === Etymology 1 === The historical sense is from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“borough, fortification”). Doublet of borough, Brough, burgh, burh, and bury. Also compare burgess. The modern sense may have been formed in part by analogy with the many North American city names that are suffixed with -burg (a number of which in the Eastern United States once used -burgh instead. See burgh), as well as being formed in part due to German Burg. ==== Noun ==== burg (plural burgs) (Canada, US) A city or town. (historical) A fortified town in medieval Europe. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== burgher burghermaster burgomaster burgrave ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== burg (plural burgs) (slang) burger === Anagrams === grub == Albanian == === Etymology === Possibly borrowed from Late Latin burgus (“fortress, watchtower”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), or possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos, “watchtower, fortress”), although this is difficult given the initial b- in Albanian. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [buɹɡ] === Noun === burg m (plural burgje, definite burgu, definite plural burgjet) jail, prison Synonyms: hapsane f, haps m, quzë f, quar m ==== Declension ==== === References === === Further reading === Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “burg”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 42 Bardhi, Frang (1635), Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 10: “carcer — burgh” “burg”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006 FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[2], 1980 Newmark, Leonard (1999), “burg”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎[3] == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈburk] IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈbuɾk] === Noun === burg m (plural burgs) (historical) a fortified settlement, fortress (historical) the outskirts of a city, suburbs Synonym: ravals ==== Derived terms ==== burgès ==== Related terms ==== burgesia burggravi burgmestre === Further reading === “burg”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch burch, from Old Dutch burg, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bʏrx/ Hyphenation: burg Rhymes: -ʏrx === Noun === burg f (plural burgen, diminutive burgje n) (archaic outside toponyms) synonym of burcht (“fortified place, fortress”) ==== Derived terms ==== == Irish == === Noun === burg m (genitive singular buirg, nominative plural buirg) alternative form of buirg (“borough”) ==== Declension ==== === Mutation === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “burg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “burg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm “burg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026 == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. === Noun === burg f fortress, castle city ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: borch, burchDutch: burg, burchtAfrikaans: burgLimburgish: bórg, börch ==== Further reading ==== “burg”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Old English == === Alternative forms === burh, burug, burhg === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *burgz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /burɡ/, [burˠɣ] === Noun === burg f (nominative plural byrġ) city or town c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of the Blessed Mary" fortified place: fortress, castle c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921 ==== Declension ==== Strong consonant stem: ==== Synonyms ==== (city, town): ċeaster (fortress, castle): fæsten ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: burgh Scots: burch, burgh English: borough, -borough, Brough, boro, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury → English: burh (learned) == Old French == === Alternative forms === burc, borc, borg === Etymology === Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, cognate with English borough and burg. Probably from Frankish, or through a Late Latin intermediate burgus. === Noun === burg oblique singular, m (oblique plural burs, nominative singular burs, nominative plural burg) town or city ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: bourg, bourc French: bourg Bourguignon: bôrg Norman: bourg == Old High German == === Alternative forms === purc === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”). === Noun === burg f a castle a city ==== Declension ==== The original feminine consonant stem declension remained in use alongside the i-declension: gen. pl. burgo; dat. pl burgon, burgun; burg in all other cases. ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: burc, burec, buric, purcCentral Franconian:Hunsrik: Borrich, BeuchLuxembourgish: BuergGerman: BurgYiddish: בורג (burg) === References === Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “burg”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎[4] (in German), 6th edition == Old Saxon == === Alternative forms === burh burug === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /burɣ/ === Noun === burg f fort, castle 830 A.D. Heliand, verse 4187: imu thô an Effrem an theru hôhon burg uunode ― he then lived in the high fort of Effrem city, town (Can we date this quote?) Genesis, verse 238: bûan an them burugium ― to live in these cities ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Low German: borch Low German: Borg German Low German: Börg, Borg, Bürg, Burg == Polish == === Pronunciation === (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈburk/ === Noun === burg m inan (Middle Polish) alternative form of bruk === Further reading === Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “burg”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French bourg. === Noun === burg n (plural burguri) burg, market town ==== Declension ====