brat

== English == === Etymology 1 === Early Modern English (c. 1500) slang term meaning "beggar's child". Possibly from Scots bratchet (“bitch, hound”). Another possibility is that it was originally a dialectal word, from northern and western England and the Midlands, for a "makeshift or ragged garment," from Old English bratt (“cloak”), which is from a Celtic source (Old Irish brat (“cloak, cloth”)). In the sense "characteristic of a confident and assertive woman", coined by English singer and songwriter Charli XCX in her 2024 album Brat. ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: brăt, IPA(key): /bɹæt/ Rhymes: -æt Hyphenation: brat Homophone: Bratt ==== Noun ==== brat (countable and uncountable, plural brats) (slang) A human child. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:child (derogatory) A child who is regarded as mischievous, unruly, spoiled, or selfish. (uncountable, neologism) The qualities possessed by a confident and assertive woman. (slang) A child (at any age) of an active member of the military or the diplomatic service. (BDSM) A submissive partner who is disobedient and unruly. A turbot or flatfish. (historical) A rough cloak or ragged garment. (obsolete, UK, Scotland, dialect) A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. (obsolete) The young of an animal. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== brat (third-person singular simple present brats, present participle bratting, simple past and past participle bratted) (BDSM, intransitive) To act in a bratty manner as the submissive. ==== Adjective ==== brat (comparative more brat, superlative most brat) (neologism) Characteristic of a confident and assertive woman. ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Clipping of bratwurst, from German Bratwurst. ==== Pronunciation ==== (US) enPR: brŏt, IPA(key): /bɹɑt/ Rhymes: -ɒt ==== Noun ==== brat (plural brats) (informal, Upper Midwestern US) Bratwurst. ===== Translations ===== ==== See also ==== Appendix:English collective nouns === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== brat (plural brats) (mining) A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime. === References === === Anagrams === BART, Bart, T-bar == Danish == === Etymology === A merger of two unrelated adjectives: Old Norse *brantr (east), brattr (west), from Proto-Germanic *brantaz, cognate with Norwegian bratt, Swedish brant, English brant. Old Norse bráðr (“hasty, sudden”), from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“hot, in a hurry, rushed”), cognate with Norwegian brå, Swedish bråd. In early modern Danish, the latter meaning also had the form brad, with the neuter bradt. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /brat/, [ˈb̥ʁɑd̥] === Adjective === brat (plural and definite singular attributive bratte, comparative brattere, superlative (predicative) brattest, superlative (attributive) bratteste) steep sudden === References === “brat” in Den Danske Ordbog “brat” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /brɑt/ Hyphenation: brat Rhymes: -ɑt === Noun === brat n (uncountable, no diminutive) alternative form of brat == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bʁaːt/ Rhymes: -aːt === Verb === brat singular imperative of braten (colloquial) first-person singular present of braten == Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish bratt, from Proto-Celtic *brattos (compare Welsh brethyn (“cloth”), from *brattinyos). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Munster, Aran) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠɑt̪ˠ/ (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠat̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠaːt̪ˠ] (Mayo, Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠat̪ˠ/ ==== Noun ==== brat m (genitive singular brait, nominative plural brait) mantle, cloak Proverb: covering (theater) curtain alternative form of bratach (“flag”) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== bratach === Etymology 2 === From English broth, from Middle English broth, from Old English broþ (“broth”), from Proto-West Germanic *broþ (“broth”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to seethe, roil, brew”). Akin to bruith (“to boil”) and bruth (“heat”). ==== Alternative forms ==== brot ==== Pronunciation ==== (Ulster) see: brot ==== Noun ==== brat m (genitive singular brat, nominative plural bratanna) broth; thick soup ===== Declension ===== === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “brat”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 116; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “brat”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “brat”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm “brat”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026 == Kashubian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbrat/ Rhymes: -at Syllabification: brat === Noun === brat m pers brother (son of the same parents as another person) brother term of address to a man ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Stefan Ramułt (1893), “brat”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 11 Sychta, Bernard (1967), “brat”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 65 Jan Trepczyk (1994), “brat”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “brat”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[9] “brat”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Lower Sorbian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [brat] === Verb === brat supine of braś == Middle English == === Etymology === From Old English bratt, from Old Irish bratt, from Proto-Celtic *brattos. === Noun === brat a coarse cloak ==== Descendants ==== English: brat → Middle Welsh: brat (or directly from Old Irish) Welsh: brat == Middle High German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbraːt/ === Verb === brāt second-person singular present imperative of brāten == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbɾad̪/ === Noun === brat f (genitive broite) plunder, (act of) plundering (in the plural) spoils ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== bratán ==== Descendants ==== Irish: brad Middle Irish: broit (originally the dative) Irish: broid === Mutation === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Old Polish == === Alternative forms === bratr, bracia === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /brat/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /brat/ === Noun === brat m pers (diminutive bratek or bratrzyk, related adjective bratni or bratów or bracki) (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Lesser Poland) brother (son of the same parents as another person) brother (sibling of further connection, i.e. a half-brother) brother (member of the same lineage) brother (member of the same community) (attested in Lesser Poland) brother term of address brother (fellow human being) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: brat Silesian: brat === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “brat”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “brat”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Mańczak, Witold (2017), “brat”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “brat”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “brat”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “brat”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Old Slovak == === Alternative forms === brater, bratr === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ. First attested in 1454. === Noun === brat m pers brother (son of the same parents as another person) brother (member of the same community, especially a church) ==== Descendants ==== Pannonian Rusyn: брат (brat) Slovak: brat === References === Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “brat”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC == Polish == === Alternative forms === bratr (Middle Polish) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish brat. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -at Syllabification: brat === Noun === brat m pers (diminutive braciszek, abbreviation br. or b.) (family) brother (son of the same parents as another person) Coordinate term: siostra (family) brother (male having at least one parent in common with another) Coordinate term: siostra przyrodni brat ― half brother (religion) brother (member of a men's religious order) Synonym: zakonnik brother (member of a fraternity, tribe, or brotherhood) brother (male companion or friend, usually with the same interests, experience, views, etc.) brother (fellow human being) brother endearing term of address for a male (Middle Polish) brother; Further details are uncertain. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), brat is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 4 times in scientific texts, 3 times in news, 0 times in essays, 25 times in fiction, and 50 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 82 times, making it the 779th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === brat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN bracie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN brat in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “brat”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “BRAT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14.11.2018 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “brat”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “brat”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “brat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 201 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic братъ (bratŭ). Doublet of bărat. === Noun === brat m (plural brați) (Slavicism, rare) brother Synonym: frate (regional, Banat) monk Synonym: călugăr ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== brățesc brăți == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === From Old Irish bratt, from Proto-Celtic *brattos (compare Welsh brethyn (“cloth”), from *brattinyos). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pɾaht̪/ === Noun === brat m (genitive singular brata, plural bratan) cloak, cover, covering, mantle, veil, canopy mat ==== Derived terms ==== brat-cùil ==== Related terms ==== bratach === Mutation === == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /brât/ === Noun === brȁt m anim (Cyrillic spelling бра̏т, relational adjective bràtskī, diminutive brȁtić) brother (son of the same parents as another person) brother, mate, pal, buddy when used in informal speech to address somebody in the vocative ==== Usage notes ==== There is no plural form for this noun. Instead, the collective term brȁća is used for plural meanings. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “brat”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish brat. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbrat/ Rhymes: -at Syllabification: brat === Noun === brat m pers (diminutive bracik) brother (son of the same parents as another person) Coordinate term: siostra (religion) brother (member of a men's religious order) Synonym: zakonnik brother (male companion or friend, usually with the same interests, experience, views, etc.) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === brat in dykcjonorz.eu brat in silling.org Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “brat”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 75 == Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Slovak brat. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [brat] === Noun === brat m pers (relational adjective bratský, diminutive braček) brother (son of the same parents as another person) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “brat”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Slovene == === Alternative forms === (br, dialectal) === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. First attested in the 15th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /brát/ === Noun === brȁt m anim brother (son of the same parents as another person) (literary, archaic) brother (someone of the same or closely related nationality) (literary, by extension) brother (someone sharing the same opinions) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “brat”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “brat”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references == Slovincian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbrat/ Rhymes: -at Syllabification: brat === Noun === brat m pers brother (son of the same parents as another person) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “brãt”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎[23] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 64 Zenon Sobierajski, editor (1997), “brat”, in Słownik gwarowy tzw. Słowińców kaszubskich [Dialectal dictionary of so-called Kashubian Slovincians]‎[24], volume 1. A-C, Warsaw: Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydawniczy, →ISBN, page 112 == Swedish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English brat (“spoiled child”). === Noun === brat c (slang) person who is very careful about following fashion trends; someone who rarely ever acts independently but rather follows peer pressure, usually maintaining an appearance of visible wealth ==== Usage notes ==== Mainly used in plural, as a collective noun. Can occasionally be seen considered as neuter rather than common. ==== Synonyms ==== stekare === Anagrams === bart == Vestinian == === Etymology === From Proto-Italic *gʷrāt(i)s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-. === Noun === brat grace, mercy c.3rd-century BCE, CIL 9, 394. ==== Usage notes ==== The phrase this term appears within is itself a common phrase throughout Sabellic languages. Compare "brat data" to "Oscan brateis datas" or "Paelignian brais datas." In these equivalent phrases, the form equivalent to brat is an abbreviation. De Vaan categorizes the term as a genitive singular but Conway categorizes it as an ablative feminine singular in an ablative absolute construction. The inscription this term was found in likely represents a dialect formed from a mix of Latin and Vestinian features ==== References ==== Rex Wallace (1984), The Sabellian Languages‎[25], Ohio State University De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN Robert Seymour Conway (1897), The Italic Dialects‎[26] (overall work in English), Cambridge University Press, page 605 == Welsh == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle Welsh brat, from Middle English brat (“cloak”) or Old Irish bratt. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /brat/ Rhymes: -at === Noun === brat f (plural bratiau or bratau, diminutive bretyn) rag Synonyms: cadach, clwt apron, pinafore Synonyms: barclod, ffedog, pinaffor ==== Derived terms ==== bratiaith (“patois”) === Mutation === === Further reading === Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995), “apron”, in Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎[27], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “brat”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “brat”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies