biti

== Bikol Central == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: bi‧ti IPA(key): /ˈbitiʔ/ [ˈbi.tiʔ] === Noun === biti (anatomy, usually of fish) A swim bladder of a fish. A swim bladder from the fish known as Abo or Tigertooth croaker, endemic in the San Miguel Bay in the Philippines. == Cebuano == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: bi‧ti === Verb === biti to snap; to fracture or break apart suddenly == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈbɪcɪ] === Participle === biti animate masculine plural passive participle of bít == Huba == === Noun === biti water === References === Ayuba Y. Mshelia, The Story of the Origins of the Bura/Pabir People →ISBN, 2014) Mohammed Aminu Mu'azu, A grammar of the Kilba language (2009) (as ɓìtì) == Icelandic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpɪːtɪ/ Rhymes: -ɪːtɪ === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse biti. ==== Noun ==== biti m (genitive singular bita, nominative plural bitar) piece Synonym: stykki mouthful, a morsel Synonym: munnbiti snack, bite, small meal Viltu fá þér bita? ― Wanna have a bite? crossbeam Synonym: þvertré (computing) bit, binary digit ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== munnbiti (computing): skammtabiti (“qubit”) ===== Related terms ===== bæti === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== biti first-person singular past subjunctive of bíta third-person singular past subjunctive of bíta == Ido == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbiti/ === Noun === biti plural of bito == Latvian == === Noun === biti m nominative/vocative plural of bits === Noun === biti f accusative/instrumental singular of bite == Lindu == === Noun === biti chisel == Lokono == === Numeral === biti (Eastern Lokono) four. Synonym: bithi == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /²biː.tɪ/ ==== Participle ==== biti (non-standard since 2012) feminine singular of biten (non-standard since 2012) neuter singular of biten ==== Verb ==== biti (non-standard since 2012) supine of bite === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈbiː.tɪ/ ==== Noun ==== biti n (non-standard since 2012) definite plural of bit == Old Norse == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Germanic *bitô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split, crack”). ==== Noun ==== biti m (genitive bita) bit, mouthful, morsel eyetooth crossbeam ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== biti indefinite dative singular of bit ==== Verb ==== biti third-person singular/plural past subjunctive active of bíta === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “biti”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bîti/ Hyphenation: bi‧ti ==== Verb ==== bȉti impf or pf (Cyrillic spelling би̏ти) (intransitive) to be, to exist Biti ili ne biti? ― To be or not to be? (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective or passive past participle that describes it (equivalent to all English senses and functions as a copula; subject having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc., specified.) Vrijeme je lijepo, a ja sam sretan! ― The weather is nice and I am happy! (transitive, auxiliary, regional) Used as an auxiliary verb in the present to form near future tense; similar to English going to. Nisam siguran, budemo vid(j)eli. ― I'm not sure, we'll see. (transitive, auxiliary) Used as an auxiliary verb to form compound verb tenses (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect, conditional) together with the active past participle. Kad si zadnji put bio tamo? ― When were you there the last time? Trčao sam. ― I ran. / I have run. Trčao bih. ― I would run. Bio bih trčao maraton da sam tada imao tenisice za trčanje. ― I would have run the marathon if I had had running shoes at the time. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the passive voice together with the passive past participle of the main verb. Ulovio sam loptu. Lopta je bila ulovljena. ― I caught the ball. The ball was caught. / The ball has been caught. (intransitive, interrogatively) Used to form a question, usually a polar one. Jesi li tu? ― Are you there? (intransitive, copulative, impersonal) Used to indicate a general condition, such as weather, worth or value. Pet jabuka jest dva eura. ― Five apples are two euro. Rekli su da će danas biti sunčano. ― They said that it's going to be sunny today. (transitive, copulative, mathematics) to equal, to total, to add up to (indicates the equivalence of values) Pet plus pet je deset. ― Five plus five is ten. (intransitive, impersonal, in the future tense) Used to express a premonition; there will be, there is going to be, to be coming Bit će / Biće rata. ― A war is coming. ===== Usage notes ===== 1st-person singular budem is perfective while 1st-person singular jesam is imperfective. jesam, jesi, jest(e), jesmo, jeste and jesu theoretically constitute a verb whose infinitive was lost before Proto-Slavic and all fell under the umbrella of the infinitive biti during Proto-Slavic. biti is thus simultaneously both imperfective and perfective and has therefore both a present (budući) and a past (bivši) verbal adverb. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Further reading ==== “biti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȉti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[2] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 342 === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *biti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bîti/ Hyphenation: bi‧ti ==== Verb ==== bȉti impf (Cyrillic spelling би̏ти) (transitive) to beat, hit, strike Synonyms: tȗći, ùdarati ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Further reading ==== “biti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȉti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[3] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 338 == Slovene == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. First attested in the 10th century. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bìːti/ Hyphenation: bí‧ti ==== Verb ==== bíti impf (intransitive) to be, to exist Trgovina je za kavarno. ― The store is behind the cafe (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective, noun or passive past participle that describes it (equivalent to all English senses and functions as a copula; subject having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc., specified.) On je moj prijatelj. ― He is my friend. (intransitive) there be Synonym: obstājati (intransitive, impersonal) to be (see usage notes) (elliptically) Taking the form of another part of a sentence: a binding participle Saj boš en kozarček, ne? ― You will drink a glass [of a drink], right? Kaj bomo pa zdaj? ― What are we going to do now? a part of a subject Ta stol je iz lesa. ― This chair is made out of wood. (modal, impersonal, with infinitive) a modal verb or predicative denoting possibility or obligation; often translated as passive Žive duše ni bilo videti ― There was not a single person to be seen. (literally, “(One) could not see a single soul”) (in conditional mood, colloquial) verb imẹ́ti Jaz bi plišastega medvedka. ― I would like to have a teddy bear. (intransitive) to cost Torbica je bila sto evrov. ― The purse costed a hundered euros. (intransitive, expressive) to feel, to want[→SSKJ] Bilo mu je, da bi zavriskal. ― He wanted to shout out with joy. (intransitive, expressive, followed by da bi) to be worth to hold, to be true, apply[→SSKJ] Zakon je za vse. ― Laws apply to everyone. (auxiliary, present forms) Used to form preterite tense. (auxiliary, present forms followed by l-participle) Used to form pluperfect tense. (auxiliary, future forms) Used to form future tense. (auxiliary, conditional form) Used to form present conditional mood. (auxiliary, conditional form followed by l-participle) Used to form preterite conditional mood. (auxiliary) Used to form passive voice. ===== Usage notes ===== This verb is very hard to translate in English as it can form many specific formations that are not present in English and often require complete restructuring of the sentence. Additionally, it also has many irregularities and additional forms regarding conjugation. Both of these are detailed here. ====== Impersonal be ====== Impersonal be can form many specific forms that often have to be translated together with the surrounding words, often changing the whole structure of a sentence: Očitno je bilo, da ni imel pojma o tem, kar govori. ― It was clear that he had no idea about what he was telling. Veliko kruha je še. ― There is a lot of bread (left) Strah me je. ― I am scared. Žal mi je bilo. ― I regretted it. In the first example, also given in the definitions, there is no problem translating the verb as the impersonality can be represented by impersonal it. In the second example, the form there be can be used to convey the meaning. However, in the last two examples, translation is not that simple. In the third example, word strah means "fear" (noun), me means "I" (accusative case) and je is the impersonal form of biti. Therefore, if one would literally translate this sentence, it would sound "Fear me is", which would not be understandable. In this case, the correct translation would be to convert "I" into the subject of the sentence, correctly conjugate the verb "be" and find a suitable adjective that would convey the same meaning, in this case "scared". In the fourth example, žal means "unfortunately", mi means "I" (dative case), and je bilo is the preterite impersonal form biti. In this case, the verb has to be changed to the one that conveys the same meaning, and I has to be again converted into the subject. These forms are not separate verbs as these forms are quite common and most of them are easily translatable (Bilo je mrzlo. ― It was cold.). This kind of untranslatable formations only appears in cases where dative or accusative are present and can in some cases also extend to the personal be, e.g. Same kosti so ga. ― He is skinny. (literally, “The bones are him.”), which is easier to understand, but still weird to say. This problem is similar to that in German, e.g. with the word kalt. ====== Additional usage notes regarding conjugation ====== The verb has three additional forms that are not common for other verbs: future forms, negative present indicative forms and conditional forms. The future forms bear no stress when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb and stressed when it is a full-lexical form of the verb. In common speech, however, it is common to also form the future tense as with any other verb, i.e. unstressed forms followed by l-participle (bom bil). This form is not considered to be correct by SP[→SP]. In some dialects, future forms also have its special negative form, naum/noum/nbom. The conditional form is used only as an auxiliary verb, except in cases with ellipsis (sense 5). Even when one wants to form conditional of biti, l-participle has to be included (bi bil). The verb also has no distinction between present and past conditional; both use only one l-participle. It usually bears no stress, but in negative form, the stress can be transferred from ne (ne bȉ), however the more common form is as usual (nȅ bi). Present forms are stressed as a full-lexical verb and unstressed as auxiliary verb. All unstressed forms can also bear stress when they have the stress in the sentence. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== See also ==== naum noum nbom === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Slavic *biti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bìːti/ Hyphenation: bí‧ti ==== Verb ==== bíti impf to beat (to hit, to strike) to beat (to hit repeatedly, but not necessarily in rhythm) (usually reflexive) to fight to strike Ura je bila tri četrt. ― The clock was striking quarter to [some full hour]. (impersonal) Used to tell time[→SSKJ] Osem je bilo. ― It was eight o'clock. (archaic) to play an instrument (literary) to spread[→SSKJ] (reflexive) to contadict[→SSKJ] (rare, archaic) to drop, to fall ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Further reading ==== “biti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026 == Turkish == === Alternative forms === betik === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bitig (“inscription”) === Noun === biti (definite accusative bitiyi, plural bitiler) (dialectal, puristic) book (dialectal) amulet (dialectal) scribe, clerk (archaic, dialectal) letter, text (archaic, dialectal) notebook (archaic, dialectal) record, credentials (archaic) document === Further reading === “biti”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu == Welsh == === Alternative forms === boiti, bwti, bwyti, byti, bythdi === Pronunciation === (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈbɪtɪ/ (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈbɪti/ === Preposition === biti alternative form of obeutu (“about”) === Adverb === biti alternative form of obeutu (“about”) === See also === ambiti (“about”) == West Makian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbi.t̪i/ === Verb === biti to bail water === References === Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[10], Pacific linguistics