beer

== English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English bere, from Old English bēor (“beer”) (Oxford OED notes: "rare, except in poetry"), from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”) (putatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewsóm), meaning “brewer's yeast”. However, also see the "beer" entry on EtymOnline (q.v.), which links a connection to monastic Vulgar Latin *biber (“a drink, beverage”), from Latin bibere (“to drink”). Samuel Johnson in his famous 18th-century A Dictionary of the English Language guessed it was from (unattested) Welsh *bîr; he distinguished it in his time from ale — the ancient usual word — by beer being older-aged and/or smaller. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bjoor (“beer”), West Frisian bier (“beer”), Dutch bier (“beer”), German Low German Beer (“beer”), German Bier (“beer”), dialectal Swedish bjor, bör (“beer”), Norwegian Nynorsk bjor (“beer”), Faroese bjór (“beer”), Icelandic bjór (“beer”). ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: bîr (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA(key): /bɪə/ [bɪː], /biə/ (US) IPA(key): /bɪɚ/, /bɪɹ/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /biə/ (Scotland) IPA(key): /biɹ/ (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /bɛː/ (Indic) IPA(key): /bia̯(ɾ)/, (non-rhotic, also) /biːɾ/ Homophones: bier, bere, bare (cheer–chair merger), bear (cheer–chair merger) Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ) ==== Noun ==== beer (countable and uncountable, plural beers) (uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:beer (uncountable) A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc. (uncountable) A solution produced by steeping plant materials in water or another fluid. (countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages. (countable) A variety of the above beverages. ===== Derived terms ===== English terms starting with “beer” ===== Descendants ===== Bislama: bia Tok Pisin: bia → Alabama: biya → Bengali: বিয়ার (biẏar) → Burmese: ဘီယာ (bhiya) ⇒ Chinese: 啤酒 (píjiǔ) → Hausa: biya → Hawaiian: bia → Hindi: बियर (biyar) → Khmer: បៀរ (biə) → Māori: pia → Swahili: bia → Tagalog: bir → Telugu: బీరు (bīru) → Thai: เบียร์ (biia) → Yoruba: bíà → Zulu: ubhiya ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== beer (third-person singular simple present beers, present participle beering, simple past and past participle beered) (informal, transitive) To give beer to (someone). 1870, Sidney Daryl, His First Brief. A Comedietta in Clement Scott, Drawing-room Plays and Parlour Pantomimes, Robson and Sons, pages 303–304: No doubt he then can feed us, wine us, beer us, And cook us something that can warm and cheer us. (informal, intransitive) To drink beer. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English beere, equivalent to be +‎ -er. ==== Pronunciation ==== (General American) IPA(key): /ˈbi.ɚ/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbiː.ə/ ==== Noun ==== beer (plural beers) (nonstandard) One who is or exists. ===== Alternative forms ===== be-er ===== Derived terms ===== afterbear forebear === Further reading === “Sumerian beer” from Language Log, 2022-04-04 === Anagrams === Bree, Eber, Erbe, Reeb, bere, bree, eber, reeb == Afrikaans == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɪər/ === Etymology 1 === From Dutch beer, from Proto-Germanic *berô. ==== Noun ==== beer (plural bere, diminutive beertjie) bear === Etymology 2 === From Dutch beer, from Proto-West Germanic *bair. ==== Noun ==== beer (plural bere) boar (male swine) == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /beːr/, [bɪːr] Hyphenation: beer Rhymes: -eːr === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch bēre, from Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô. ==== Noun ==== beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n) a bear, any member of the family Ursidae De beer drinkt bier. ― The bear drinks beer. (figurative) a person who is physically impressive and/or crude Wat een beer van een vent daar voorin, he? ― What a bear of a guy there in front, huh? ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: beer → Papiamentu: ber, beer === Etymology 2 === From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair. ==== Noun ==== beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n) boar (male swine) De kinderboerderij heeft een aantal zeugen en maar één beer. ― The petting zoo has a number of sows and only one boar. buttress; protective external construction, notably against ice or supporting the weight of the main building a boar-shaped type of battering ram a male badger ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: beer === Etymology 3 === From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch [Term?], from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast”), related to Old English beorma, Albanian burmë. ==== Noun ==== beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n) (now dialectal) liquid, notably human manure (excrement gathered in a pit to fertilize) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from German Bär. Cognate to etymology 1. ==== Noun ==== beer m (plural beren, no diminutive) (university slang) debt Synonym: schuld (university slang) creditor (one to whom one owes debt) Synonym: schuldeiser === References === M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch] == Latin == === Verb === beer first-person singular present passive subjunctive of beō == Limburgish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /beːʀ/ Hyphenation: beer Rhymes: -eːʀ === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German bêr, from Old Saxon bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą. ==== Alternative forms ==== Bier, bier (less common variant) bair (Eisden) Béër (Eupen) ==== Noun ==== beer n beer === Etymology 2 === From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch bēro, from Proto-West Germanic *bair. ==== Alternative forms ==== Bier, bieër (some dialects, like Voeren) Béër (Eupen) ==== Noun ==== beer m boar (male swine) ===== Related terms ===== zoog (“female swine”) === Etymology 3 === From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri. Alternatively from Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch *beri. Both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-. ==== Alternative forms ==== bier, bieër ==== Noun ==== beer f berry == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair. === Noun === bêer m boar, male pig ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: beer West Flemish: beir === Further reading === “beer”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “bere (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page bere == Old French == === Alternative forms === baer, baher, baier, baer, beier, beyer === Etymology === Inherited from Early Medieval Latin badāre. === Verb === beer (transitive) to open (intransitive) to open (chiefly) to pant; to breathe heavily (figuratively) to desire; to lust for ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Derived terms ==== beee ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: beer French: bayer Norman: béguer Picard: beyer Walloon: bawî === References === Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (beer) == Somali == === Etymology 1 === Cognate with Maay beer, Jiiddu biir. ==== Noun ==== beer f (plural beero m) cultivated field === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== beer ? liver === References === Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “beer”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎[1], Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 101