atbaill

== Old Irish == === Alternative forms === ad·baill, at·bail === Etymology === From ess- (“out of”) +‎ Class B third-person singular neuter infixed pronoun d- (“it”) +‎ Proto-Celtic *balnīti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“throw”). Thus literally ‘throw it’, originally either a euphemism or slang. The preterite forms in at·bath- and the verbal noun apthu are from ess- +‎ d- +‎ original preterite passive form of baïd (“to die”), from Proto-Celtic *bayeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“tread”) (via a euphemistic meaning similar to pass away). Compare Middle Welsh aballu (“die, perish”) (from *ad-balni-), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “throw”), Old English cwelan (“die”), Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “torment, torture”), Lithuanian gėlà (“pain”)), compare Old Armenian կամ (kam, “to stand”), Latvian gāja (“went”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ad̪ˈβal̠ʲ/ === Verb === at·baill (prototonic ·epil, verbal noun epeltu or apthu) to perish, die Synonyms: ara·chrin, baïd For quotations using this term, see Citations:atbaill. ==== Conjugation ==== The identification of this verb's present conjugation class is highly controversial due to simultaneously exhibiting alternation between a nasal suffixed present (seen in the -ll- ← -ln- attested only in the present stem) and non-nasal-suffix non-present stems characteristic of B IV and B V verbs in addition to the palatalization pattern of a B I verb. Virtually every author places this verb in a different conjugation class. Thurneysen classifies this as B V, McCone classifies this as B III, Le Mair classifies this as B I, and Anderson creates an entire new conjugation class reserved for this verb, ernaid, sernaid, and marnaid. ==== Descendants ==== Middle Irish: eplaid, ablaid === References === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “at-bail(l)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language