ail

== Translingual == === Etymology === Abbreviation of English Aimele. === Symbol === ail (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aimele. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Aimele terms == English == === Pronunciation === (UK, US) IPA(key): /eɪl/ Rhymes: -eɪl Homophones: ale, ayel === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”). ==== Verb ==== ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed) (transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.) (intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled. ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:ail. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== ail (plural ails) (obsolete) An ailment; trouble; illness. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”). ==== Adjective ==== ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail) (obsolete) Painful; troublesome. === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”), related to *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel. ==== Alternative forms ==== ile ==== Noun ==== ail (plural ails) (West Country) The awn of barley or other types of corn. ==== References ==== === Anagrams === -ial, Ali, IAL, LIA, Lai, ali-, lai == Antigua and Barbuda Creole English == === Noun === ail isle oil == Bouyei == === Noun === ail cough === Further reading === 吴启禄 (Qilu Wu), 王伟 (Wei Wang), 曹广衢 (Guangqu Cao), 吴定川 (Dingchuan Wu), editors (2002), 布依汉词典 [Bouyei–Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), Beijing: Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, →ISBN, →OCLC == Dalmatian == === Alternative forms === alj, agl, aill === Etymology === From Latin allium. === Noun === ail (Vegliot) garlic === References === Ive, A. (1886), “L'antico dialetto di Veglia [The old dialect of Veglia]”, in G. I. Ascoli, editor, Archivio glottologico italiano [Italian linguistic archive], volume 9, Rome: E. Loescher, pages 115–187 == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French, from Latin allium. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /aj/ Homophones: aïe, aille, ailles, aillent, ails === Noun === ail m (plural ails or aulx) garlic ==== Derived terms ==== ail des ours ail sauvage alliacé ailler ==== Descendants ==== Haitian Creole: lay (from l'ail) Mauritian Creole: lay (from l'ail) Moore: lay (from l'ail) === Further reading === “ail”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === lai, lia == Irish == === Alternative forms === oil === Etymology === From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /alʲ/ === Noun === ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche) stone, rock ==== Declension ==== Archaic plural: ailche ==== Derived terms ==== ail leachta, ail in úir (“headstone, monument”) ==== Related terms ==== aill ailt === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ail”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “ail”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 15; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== ail alternative form of ale (“beer”) === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== ail alternative form of hayle (“hail”) == Norman == === Etymology === From Old French, from Latin allium. === Noun === ail m (uncountable) (Jersey) garlic == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈalʲ/ === Etymology 1 === Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”). The declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing. ==== Noun ==== ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich) rock foundation ===== Inflection ===== ===== Descendants ===== Middle Irish: ail Irish: ail ==== Mutation ==== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== ·ail third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid ==== Mutation ==== === References === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Scots == === Etymology === From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /eːl/ === Verb === ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past and past participle ailt) to trouble, afflict (of body or mind) to hinder, prevent to be ill === References === “ail, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. == Welsh == === Alternative forms === 2il (abbreviation) === Etymology === From Middle Welsh eil, from Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ai̯l/ Homophone: ael (“eyebrow”) (South Wales) Rhymes: -ai̯l === Adjective === ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable) (precedes the noun, triggers soft mutation of all nouns) (ordinal number) second Synonym: eilfed yr ail lawr ― the second floor ==== Derived terms ==== ail- (“re-”), eil- (“re-”) ail isradd (“square root”) ail-law (“secondhand”) eiliad (“a second”) eilrif (“even number”) heb ail (“second to none”) === Mutation === === Further reading === D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ail”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ail”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies