abstrak

== Indonesian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch abstract, from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈabstrak/ [ˈabs.t̪rak̚] Rhymes: -abstrak Syllabification: abs‧trak === Adjective === abstrak (comparative lebih abstrak, superlative paling abstrak) abstract: conceptual, ideal, not concrete Synonyms: mujarad, niskala Antonyms: konkret, nyata === Noun === abstrak (plural abstrak-abstrak) summary, abstract, main points Synonyms: ikhtisar, ringkasan (art) abstract (an abstract work of art) === Derived terms === === Related terms === === Further reading === “abstrak”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Malay == === Etymology === Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”). === Pronunciation === (English-based) IPA(key): /ˈɛbstrɛk/ [ˈɛbs.t̪rɛk̚] Rhymes: -strɛk, -ɛk (Baku) IPA(key): /ˈabstrak/ [ˈabs.t̪rak̚] Rhymes: -strak, -ak Hyphenation: ab‧strak === Adjective === abstrak (Jawi spelling ابسترک, comparative lebih abstrak, superlative paling abstrak) abstract (opposite of concrete) Synonyms: niskala, mujarad Antonyms: konkrit, maujud ==== Affixations ==== === Noun === abstrak (Jawi spelling ابسترک, plural abstrak-abstrak or abstrak2) abstract (summary of a longer publication) Synonyms: iktisar, ringkasan === Further reading === "abstrak" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, from Latin abstractus. Doublet of abstrakto. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔabstɾak/ [ˈʔabs.t̪ɾɐk̚] Rhymes: -abstɾak Syllabification: abs‧trak === Adjective === abstrak (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔) abstract; conceptual; ideal Synonyms: basal, abstrakto Antonym: kongkreto (art) abstract (free from representational qualities) Synonym: abstrakto === Noun === abstrak (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔) abstract; summary Synonyms: buod, lagom, abstrakto, resumen === Further reading === “abstrak”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025 “abstrak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018