a/languages M to Z

== Malay == === Pronunciation === (letter name): IPA(key): [e] (interjection): IPA(key): [a] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz === Interjection === a (Jawi spelling ا) Used to show excitement or to show agreement. Used to express hesitation; er, uh. Synonym: er === Further reading === "a" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Maltese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ (short phoneme) IPA(key): /aː/ (long phoneme) === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z == Mandarin == === Romanization === a (a5 / a0, Zhuyin ㄚ) Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵 Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啊 Hanyu Pinyin reading of 阿 a nonstandard spelling of ā nonstandard spelling of á nonstandard spelling of ǎ nonstandard spelling of à ==== Usage notes ==== Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone. == Mandinka == === Pronoun === a he, him (personal pronoun) A m busa ― He/she struck me. Y a busa ― They struck him/her. she, her (personal pronoun) it (personal pronoun) ==== See also ==== == Māori == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ [ɐ] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Māori alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, Ā ā, E e, Ē ē, H h, I i, Ī ī, K k, M m, N n, O o, Ō ō, P p, R r, T t, U u, Ū ū, W w, Ng ng, Wh wh === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ [ˈɐ] === Particle === a of (determinative particle for names) (particle for pronouns when succeeding ki, i, kei, and hei) ==== Usage notes ==== When used in the sense of of, suggests that the possessor has control of the relationship (alienable possession). == Mbya Guarani == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Mbya Guarani alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, à ã), E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ), G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), J j, K k, M m, Mb mb, N n, Nd nd, Ng ng, Nh nh, O o (Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ), V v, X x, Y y (Ý ý, Ỹ ỹ), ' === References === Robert A. Dooley (August 2016), “a”, in Léxico guarani, dialeto mbyá: guarani-português (overall work in Portuguese), Anápolis: SIL Brasil, page 2 == Mezquital Otomi == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /à/ ==== Interjection ==== a expresses satisfaction, pity, fright, or admiration === Etymology 2 === ==== Alternative forms ==== ʼa (obsolete) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /à/, /ǎ/ ==== Verb ==== a (transitive) wake, awaken === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Otomi *ʔɔ, from Proto-Otomian *ʔɔ. ==== Alternative forms ==== ʼá (obsolete) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /á/, /ǎ/ ==== Noun ==== a flea ===== Derived terms ===== === References === Andrews, Enriqueta (1950), Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo‎[2] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 1 Hernández Cruz, Luis; Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010), Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)‎[3] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3 == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō. === Noun === â f (rare) river, stream, water ==== Inflection ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: a, Aa === Further reading === “a (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Article ==== a alternative form of an (mainly preconsonantal) === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronoun ==== a (Late Middle English) alternative form of I (“I”) === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronoun ==== a alternative form of heo (“she”) === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronoun ==== a alternative form of he (“he”) === Etymology 5 === ==== Pronoun ==== a alternative form of he (“they”) === Etymology 6 === ==== Numeral ==== a (Northern, Early Middle English) alternative form of o (“one”) == Middle French == === Etymology 1 === From Old French a, from Latin ad. ==== Alternative forms ==== à (after 1550) ==== Preposition ==== a to; towards === Etymology 2 === From Old French, from Latin habet. ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of avoir == Middle Irish == === Preposition === a (triggers eclipsis) alternative form of i (“in”) === Usage notes === See the Old Irish entry for all other etymologies and senses of a in Middle Irish. == Middle Scots == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle English a ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Middle Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Middle English a ==== Article ==== a a, an (indefinite article) With numbers (other than score, hundred, etc) ===== Usage notes ===== This form can be used before consonant and vowels, compare an which also can be used before vowels (and h) but also before consonants. === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Middle English a === Alternative forms === aa ==== Interjection ==== a ah! === Etymology 4 === Inherited from Northern Middle English a. ==== Numeral ==== a one ===== Alternative forms ===== ae, ea === Etymology 5 === Inherited from Middle English a ==== Pronoun ==== a alternative form of I (“first-person singular pronoun”) === Further reading === “a”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. == Middle Welsh == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) O (vocative particle) === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Pronoun ==== a (triggers lenition) who, which, that ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) inserted before the verb when the subject of direct object precedes it Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet: === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) used to introduce a direct question whether, used to introduce an indirect question === Etymology 4 === Reduction of o (“from”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a used between a focused adjective and the noun it modifies Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet: it will be small vengeance if we are burnt or put to death because of the child === Etymology 5 === From Old Welsh ha. ==== Alternative forms ==== ac ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Conjunction ==== a (triggers aspiration) and === Etymology 6 === ==== Alternative forms ==== ac ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a (triggers aspiration) with === Etymology 7 === From Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. ==== Alternative forms ==== aa ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aː/ ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of mynet === Mutation === == Mizo == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronoun === a (plural an) he, she, it; his, her, its (3rd-person singular clitic pronoun) ==== See also ==== === Further reading === Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “a”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society == Mòcheno == === Etymology === From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, a”). === Article === a (oblique masculine an) a, an === References === “a” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy. == Mopan Maya == === Article === a the === References === Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press. == Mountain Koiari == === Pronoun === a you (singular) === References === Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics == Murui Huitoto == === Adverb === a superseded spelling of aa === References === Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[4] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 19 == Nauruan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Pronoun === a I (first person singular pronoun) […] […] […] == Navajo == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script. a = /a˨/ ą = /ã˨/ á = /a˥/ ą́ = /ã˥/ aa = /aː˨˨/ ąą = /ãː˨˨/ áa = /aː˥˨/ ą́ą = /ãː˥˨/ aá = /aː˨˥/ ąą́ = /ãː˨˥/ áá = /aː˥˥/ ą́ą́ = /ãː˥˥/ ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh == Neapolitan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === From Latin de ab. ==== Preposition ==== a from (referring to a place) by (introducing the actor in the passive voice) to (implying necessity) === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad. ==== Preposition ==== a in (locative: staying in a place of relative width) to (locative: moving towards a place of relative width) to (dative) == Nheengatu == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a], (unstressed, word final) [ɐ] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Nheengatu alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) pinimasawa-rupiára / yumupinimasawa-rupiára; A a (Á á, à ã), B b, D d, E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ, F f), G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), J j, K k (L l), M m, N n (O o, Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r (Rr rr), S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ, V v), W w, X x, Y y (Z z) == Nias == === Etymology === From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən. === Verb === a (imperfective manga) (transitive) to eat === References === Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 15. == Norman == === Verb === a (Guernsey) third-person singular present indicative of aver == North Frisian == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [a] (short vowel) IPA(key): [aː], (Sylt) [oː] (long vowel, spelt aa) ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== Usage notes ===== Sylt Frisian ⟨aa⟩ was originally [ɔː], but has since merged with ⟨oo⟩. The letter ⟨ā⟩ is used for [aː]. The diphthongs ⟨ai, ia⟩ are both monophthongized to [ɛː] when followed by ⟨r⟩. In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨ai⟩ represents a lengthened diphthong [aːɪ̯] as if written ⟨*aai⟩. The short equivalent is ⟨ei⟩. ===== See also ===== (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z) === Etymology 2 === ==== Article ==== a (Föhr-Amrum) the (masculine and all-gender plural definite article, reduced form) Coordinate terms: (full forms) de, dön ===== Usage notes ===== For the alternative use of the form a with certain original feminines, see at. ===== Alternative forms ===== e (Mooring) ===== See also ===== == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓃾, representing the head of an ox. ==== Pronunciation ==== (letter name): IPA(key): /ɑː/ (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɑː/, /a/, (before u or in some Enɡlish loan words) [æ] Hyphenation: a Homophones: A, à, A-, a-, ah ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå ==== Noun ==== a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-er, definite plural a-ene) the letter a, the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet fra A til B ― from A to B fra A til Å ― from A to Z har man sagt a, må man si b ― if you have said A, you should say B indicates the first or best entry of a list, order or rank Synonyms: A-, a- oppgang A ― apartment entrance A blodgruppe A ― blood group A førerkort i klasse A ― (motorcycle) driver's license in class A øl i klasse A ― beer in class A (with 0,0-0,7 volume percent alcohol) A post ― A post / priority mail A-aksje ― class A-share hepatitt A ― hepatitis A the highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone (physics) symbol for ampere (physics) symbol for nucleon number (horology) symbol for avance symbol for anno short form of atom- Synonym: a- ==== Derived terms ==== a-form (“a-form”), a-infinitiv (“a-infinitive”), a-kjendis (“A-list celebrity”) === Etymology 2 === Abbreviation of atto- (“atto-”). ==== Symbol ==== a atto-, prefix for 10−18 in the International System of Units. === Etymology 3 === Abbreviation of ar (“are”). ==== Symbol ==== a an are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares Synonym: ar === Etymology 4 === From French à (“to, on, in”). ==== Preposition ==== a alternative spelling of à ===== Alternative forms ===== à === Etymology 5 === From Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”). ==== Preposition ==== a (used in Latin expressions, before a consonant) from, of a posteriori, a prima vista, a priori, a tempo, a verbo, a viso, a vista ===== Alternative forms ===== ab === Etymology 6 === From Italian a (“in, at, to”). ==== Preposition ==== a (used in Italian expressions, before a consonant) from, of, with a battuta, a cappella, a due, a dato, a konto weak form of av (of) === Etymology 7 === From Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”). ==== Pronoun ==== a (dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she hvor er a katta di? where is your cat? Synonym: hun (dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she) hva gjorde du med a? what did you do to her? (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a! if the cat runs away, you need to catch her! Synonym: henne (dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her === Etymology 8 === From Danish ah (“oh”), likely from German ach (“oh”), from Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah. Also see ah and akk. ==== Interjection ==== a expression of surprise or horror expression of admiration or happiness used with the words yes and no to give a sense of impatience or rejection === Etymology 9 === Mostly likely from Norwegian ad (“against, on”), from Danish ad (“by, at”), from Old Danish at, from Old Norse at (“at, to”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, toward, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). ==== Interjection ==== a expression of anger or sorrow, especially with a personal pronoun uff a meg! oh, my! huff a meg! oh, no! ===== Alternative forms ===== å === References === “a” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “a” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). “a” in Store norske leksikon a on the Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia.Wikipedia nb === Anagrams === A, A-, a- == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɑː/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå ==== Noun ==== a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-ar, definite plural a-ane) the letter a === Etymology 2 === ==== Interjection ==== a ah! Synonyms: ah, å === Etymology 3 === From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó. ==== Preposition ==== a (dialect) alternative form of av === References === “a” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. a on the Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia.Wikipedia nn == Nupe == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (phoneme): IPA(key): /a/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ã/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /à/ ==== Particle ==== à not (placed at the end of a clause to negate it) Mi de eshìgi à, mi ma de dàǹgi à. ― I don't have a dog, and I don't have a cat. === Etymology 3 === Clipping of lá. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /á/ ==== Particle ==== á Marks the perfective aspect, for actions that are completed ===== Usage notes ===== á, which is derived from the verb lá (“to take”), functions like a verb so that the word order in the present perfect tense is that of a serial verb construction. Musa shi dùkùn ― Musa bought a pot Musa á dùkùn shi. ― Musa has bought a pot. (literally, “Musa took a pot to buy”) === Etymology 4 === Clipping of gà. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /à/ ==== Particle ==== à Used to express the future tense (placed before verbs) A à lá èbi be nakàn ― They will use a knife to cut the meat == Nǀuu == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Pronoun === a this Synonym: aha you (sg.) Synonym: gǀa === Determiner === a your (sg.) this === References === Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary. Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432. Collins, C., & Namaseb, L. (2011). A Grammatical Sketch of N|uuki with Stories. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. "IOL Castletown 2022 - Solution". IOL 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2025. Güldemann, Tom. “"Back to normal?" - ditransitives in the Tuu family.” (2007). == Occitan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === From Latin ad. ==== Preposition ==== a to at ===== Derived terms ===== al, als === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== a f (plural as) a (the letter a) === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of aver == Old Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈa/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈa/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. ==== Interjection ==== a ah! ===== Descendants ===== Czech: a === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. ==== Particle ==== a Connective, contrasitve particle; and then, as, if yes, of course ==== Conjunction ==== a and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it) and, but, whereas (used contrastively) ===== Descendants ===== Czech: a === References === Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “a”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění == Old Danish == === Alternative forms === aa (Jutlandic) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑː/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō. ==== Noun ==== ā (genitive ār, plural ār) (Scania) stream, river ===== Descendants ===== Danish: å === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana. ==== Preposition ==== ā (Scania) on, in, at ===== Descendants ===== Danish: på === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== ā first/third-person singular present indicative of ēgha == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *ahu. === Noun === ā f river, stream, water ==== Inflection ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. ==== Alternative forms ==== aha ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: â Dutch: a, Aa ==== Further reading ==== “ā, ē”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Old English == === Alternative forms === āwa, āwo, ō === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity, age”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑː/ === Adverb === ā ever, always Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “Á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== ā f alternative form of ǣ: law ==== References ==== Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɑ/ ==== Preposition ==== a alternative form of on: to, in ==== References ==== Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “a”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Old French == === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Old French alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad. ==== Alternative forms ==== ad à (not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form) ==== Preposition ==== a to towards belonging to fil a putain ― son of a whore ===== Derived terms ===== al au aux ===== Descendants ===== French: à (see there for further descendants) French: à→ Danish: à→ Dutch: à→ German: à→ Hungarian: à→ Norwegian Bokmål: à, a→ Swedish: à === Etymology 3 === ==== Alternative forms ==== ad ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of avoir === Etymology 4 === From Latin ab. ==== Adverb ==== a by, by means of == Old Frisian == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-West Germanic *ahu, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water”). ==== Alternative forms ==== ē ==== Noun ==== ā f water ===== Descendants ===== North Frisian: ia Saterland Frisian: Äi West Frisian: ie === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *auwju, from Proto-Germanic *awjō, originally a substantive adjective related to *ahwō (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂. ==== Noun ==== ā f island ===== Descendants ===== Saterland Frisian: Äi === Etymology 3 === From Proto-West Germanic *aiw. ==== Adverb ==== ā in any case, under all circumstances every time, whenever === Etymology 4 === ==== Preposition ==== a in, to, at ===== Derived terms ===== thera == Old Galician-Portuguese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Latin ad (“toward, to”). ==== Preposition ==== a to; towards fugiu con el a Egipto. terra de Reẏ faraon. ran away with him to Egypt. land of King pharaoh. ==== Descendants ==== Fala: a Galician: a Portuguese: aIndo-Portuguese: aPapiamentu: a === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Latin illa f (“that”). ==== Article ==== a f feminine singular of o Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriꝣ de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou. This 19th is (about) how Holy Mary helped · the empress of Rome · suffer through the great pains she underwent. ===== Descendants ===== Fala: a Galician: a Portuguese: a == Old Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Celtic *sosim (“this”). ==== Alternative forms ==== (relative pronoun): an ==== Article ==== a nominative/accusative singular neuter of in For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ==== Pronoun ==== a (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause using a deuterotonic or absolute verb form) that which, what For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== Descendants ===== Irish: a (“all that, whatever”) Scottish Gaelic: a ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 in (definite article)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Conjunction ==== a (triggers eclipsis, takes a nasalizing relative clause) when For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अ॒स्य (asyá, “his, its”), अ॒स्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and ए॒षाम् (eṣā́m, “their”). ==== Alternative forms ==== á, ha ==== Determiner ==== a (predicative aí or áe) (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural) his, its her, its their For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== Descendants ===== Irish: a (“his, her, its, their”) Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, her, its”); an (“their”) ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Etymology 4 === From Proto-Celtic *ā (compare Welsh a), from Proto-Indo-European *ō (compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō). ==== Alternative forms ==== á ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) O (vocative particle) For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== Descendants ===== Irish: a Scottish Gaelic: a ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Etymology 5 === ==== Particle ==== a (triggers an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel) introduces a numeral a deich ― ten ===== Descendants ===== Irish: a Scottish Gaelic: a ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Etymology 6 === From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs. ==== Alternative forms ==== á ==== Preposition ==== a (combined with plural article asnaib, combined with 1st singular possessive determiner asmo, combined with 3rd person possessive determiner assa) out of For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== Inflection ===== ===== Related terms ===== ess- ===== Descendants ===== Irish: as Manx: ass Scottish Gaelic: à ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “7 a (‘out of’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, §§ 436, 834, pages 274, 507–10; reprinted 2017 == Old Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /a/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /a/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century. ==== Interjection ==== a ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something) ===== Descendants ===== Polish: a Silesian: a === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century. ==== Conjunction ==== a and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it) and, but, whereas (used contrastively) and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled) emphasizes a question introduces a new sentences ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Polish: a Silesian: a === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “a”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Mańczak, Witold (2017), “a”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “a”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “a”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “a”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 1 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a, ha”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “a”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk Wanda Decyk-Zięba; Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa; Stanisław Dubisz; Zygmunt Gałecki; Justyna Garczyńska; Halina Karaś; Alina Kępińska; Anna Pasoń; Izabela Stąpor; Barbara Taras; Izabela Winiarska-Górska (2008), “a”, in Wanda Decyk-Zięba, Stanisław Dubisz, editors, Glosariusz staropolski - dydaktyczny słownik etymologiczny [Old Polish Glossary - Didactic Etymological Dictionary] (in Polish), Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, →ISBN, page 1 == Old Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“end, but”). === Conjunction === a and === Further reading === Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “a”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC == Old Spanish == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Latin ad (“to”). ==== Preposition ==== a To; unto; indicates an indirect object; sometimes untranslated. ==== Alternative forms ==== á, à ==== Descendants ==== Ladino: a, אה Spanish: a === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of aver === Etymology 3 === Onomatopoeic ==== Interjection ==== a ah! Indicates admiration, surprise, or sorrow. ==== References ==== Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “a”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 1 == Old Swedish == === Alternative forms === ᛆ === Etymology === From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /aː/ === Noun === ā f creek, river === Declension === ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: å === References === “å”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == Old Tupi == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a], (unstressed, word final) [ɐ] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Old Tupi alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) kûatiara; A a (Á á, à ã), B b, E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ, G g), H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), Î î, K k, M m, Mb mb, N n, Nd nd, Ng ng, Nh nh, O o (Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ), Û û, X x, Y y (Ỹ ỹ), Ŷ ŷ, ' == Omaha-Ponca == === Noun === a arm === References === Omaha Ponca digital dictionary == Ometepec Nahuatl == === Noun === a water == Oromo == === Noun === a (plural aa) The first letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script. == Palauan == === Etymology 1 === From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a. ==== Article ==== a a, the === Etymology 2 === From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a, from Proto-Austronesian *a. ==== Conjunction ==== a linking particle == Papiamentu == === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Papiamentu alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Spanish ha?”) ==== Particle ==== a Indicates the past tense. Mi a papia kuné. ― I talked to him. === Etymology 3 === From Portuguese a. ==== Preposition ==== a to by at ===== Usage notes ===== Only used in set expressions from Spanish. == Paraguayan Guarani == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] Rhymes: -a === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Paraguayan Guarani alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), à ã, Ch ch, E e (É é), Ẽ ẽ, G g, G̃ g̃, H h, I i (Í í), Ĩ ĩ, J j, K k, L l, M m, Mb mb, N n, Nd nd, Ng ng, Nt nt, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), Õ õ, P p, R r, Rr rr, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), Ũ ũ, V v, Y y (Ý ý), Ỹ ỹ, ʼ === References === Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “a”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 11, column 1 == Pennsylvania German == === Interjection === a alternative spelling of ah (“ah, oh”) === References === Beam, C. R., Brown, J. R., & Trout, J. L. (2004). The Comprehensive Pennsylvania German Dictionary. == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a Homophones: a-, -a === Etymology 1 === The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Polish alphabet, written in the Latin script. małe a ― a minuscule/small/little a duże a ― a capital/big/large a ===== See also ===== see other Polish letters === Etymology 2 === First attested in 1551. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== a n (indeclinable) a, near-open central vowel samogłoska a ― the vowel a powiedzieć a ― to say a (music) a (note) zagrać a ― to play an a zaśpiewać a ― to sing an a ==== Related terms ==== === Etymology 3 === Abbreviation of ar. ==== Noun ==== a m inan (metrology) abbreviation of ar === Etymology 4 === Inherited from Old Polish a. ==== Conjunction ==== a and, but, whereas (used contrastively) A ty? ― And you? Wolisz tabletki, a ja wolę zastrzyki. ― You prefer pills whereas I prefer injections. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it) walka między dobrem a złem ― battle between good and evil and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled) Poszukasz, a znajdziesz. ― If you seek it, then you shall find it. and (used after a verb to indicate it will last a long time) pracować a pracować ― to work and work (for a long time) such and such (used when the speaker does not want to be more specific, when repeating an element) is (used to show some connection between two objects which are very different from each other) what about Ja jestem gotowy, a ty? ― I'm ready, what about you? ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 5 === Inherited from Old Polish a. ==== Interjection ==== a ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something) === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), a is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 555 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 507 times in essays, 703 times in fiction, and 1175 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3226 times, making it the 13th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN a in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “A”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 31 May 2022 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1 Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024), “a”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 107-109 == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === letter IPA(key): /a/ Homophone: à (Brazil) Hyphenation: a article, pronoun (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ/ (Brazil) IPA(key): /a/ Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾. ==== Letter ==== a m (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called á and written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, à ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z ==== Noun ==== a m (plural as) alternative spelling of á ===== Related terms ===== with diacritics: ã, â, à, á === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Vulgar Latin *la (compare Spanish, Catalan, Italian, and French la), from Late Latin illa(m), feminine singular of ille (“the”, “that”). ==== Article ==== a feminine singular of o ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:o. ===== See also ===== ==== Pronoun ==== a f (third-person singular) her, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ela) Encontrei-a na rua. ― I met her/it on the street. ===== Usage notes ===== Becomes -la after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos (“us”) and vos (“plural you”), and the adverb eis (“here is; behold”); the final letter causing the change disappears. After ver (“to see”): Posso vê-la? — “May I see her/it?” After pôs (“he/she/it put”): Ele pô-la ali. — “He put her/it there.” After fiz (“I made; I did”): Fi-la ficar contente. — “I made her/it become happy.” After nos (“us”): Ela deu-no-la relutantemente. — “She gave her/it to us reluctantly.” After eis (“here is; behold”): Ei-la! — “Behold her/it!” Becomes -na after a nasal vowel or diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃]. Detêm-na como prisioneira. — “They detain her/it as a prisoner.” In informal Brazilian Portuguese, the nominative form ela (“she”) is more commonly used. Eu a vi. → Eu vi ela.: “I saw her/it.” ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== See also ===== === Etymology 3 === From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”) and ab (“from, away, by”). ==== Preposition ==== a to, introduces the indirect object Synonym: para Dê-o a mim. ― Give it to me. Meu coração pertence a você. ― My heart belongs to you. to; towards, indicates destination Synonyms: para, até Vamos a Paris! ― Let’s go to Paris! away, indicates a physical distance A vila fica a onze milhas ― The village is eleven miles away. Comunicação à distância. ― Communication at a distance. with; by means of, using as an instrument or means Synonyms: com, por meio de Mataram o cão a pauladas. ― They bludgeoned the dog to death. (literally, “they killed the dog with bludgeonings”) A cavalo. ― On horseback. Livro escrito a lápis. ― A book written with a pencil. with; on, using as a medium or fuel Quadro pintado a óleo. ― A painting painted with oil. Fornalha a carvão. ― Coal furnace. by, using the specified measurement; in the specified quantity É mais barato comprar comida ao quilo. ― It is cheaper to by food by the kilogram. Os fracassos ocorrem às dezenas. ― Failures occur by the dozen. (preceded and followed by the same word) by, indicates a steady progression Synonym: por Calma lá. Resolva o problema passo a passo. ― Easy there. Solve the problem step by step. in the style or manner of; a la Synonym: ao modo de Ele puxou o temperamento ao pai. ― He inherited his temperament from his father. Camarão à grega. ― Greek-style shrimp. (limited use, see usage notes) at, during the specified period Synonyms: em, de Dormimos à noite. ― We sleep at night. O filme começa às duas horas. ― The film starts at two o’clock. (rare except in set terms) at; in, indicates a location or position Synonym: em Isto fica à frente do altar. ― This stays in front of the altar. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis A mim ele não engana. ― He doesn’t deceive me. (literally, “To me he doesn’t deceive.”) (Portugal or literary, followed by a verb in the infinitive form) forms the present participle Estou a preparar a canja. ― I am preparing the chicken soup. (followed by an infinitive or present passive) to, forms the future participle Synonyms: para, por Um trabalho a ser feito. ― A job to be done. Nada a fazer. ― Nothing to be done. ===== Usage notes ===== When followed by a definite article, a is combined with the article to give the following combined forms: a + o → ao a + os → aos a + a → à a + as → às In the sense of to (introducing the indirect object) usage with a personal pronoun can be replaced with an indirect pronoun (me, nos, te, vos, lhe, lhes): Deram um livro a ele. → Deram-lhe um livro. In the sense of at (during the specified period) it can be used with: noite (“night”) noitinha (“evening”) tarde (“afternoon”) meio-dia (“noon”) meia-noite (“midnight”) specific hours Dia (“day”), manhã (“morning”), madrugada (“early morning”) use de (“of”) instead, which can optionally be used for tarde, noitinha and noite as well. Names of months, days of the month and of the week use em (“in”). ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. ===== Descendants ===== Indo-Portuguese: a Papiamentu: a ===== See also ===== em para === Etymology 4 === ==== Interjection ==== a (text messaging) alternative spelling of ah ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. === Etymology 5 === From homophone há. ==== Verb ==== a misspelling of há ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. === Etymology 6 === From homophone à. ==== Contraction ==== a misspelling of à ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. == Rapa Nui == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Māori a and Tongan ʻa. ==== Article ==== a the personal article, used before proper nouns === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *a. Cognates include Hawaiian ā and Māori ā. ==== Preposition ==== a along, towards === References === Paulus Kieviet (2017), A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[6], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 102 == Rawang == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Suffix === a verbal suffix for marking benefactive of the V. === Pronoun === a (upper case A) proximate demonstrative pronoun == Romagnol == === Etymology 1 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Alternative forms ==== à ==== Pronunciation ==== (Central Romagnol) IPA(key): [ˈaɐ̯] (Ville Unite): (San Zaccaria) IPA(key): [ˈaɐ] ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular/plural present indicative of avér (“to have”) === Etymology 2 === From Latin ego. ==== Pronoun ==== a (plural a) (Ville Unite) I (Ville Unite) plural of a (“we”) (Ville Unite) plural of te (“you”) === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Latin ad, a (“to, toward”). ==== Preposition ==== a to; at == Romani == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź). === Etymology 2 === ==== Interjection ==== a oh, ah === References === Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “a”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 134 == Romanian == === Alternative forms === а (a) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz === Etymology 1 === ==== Article ==== a feminine singular of al (“of”, possessive article) === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near; at”). ==== Preposition ==== a (used with infinitive verbs) the infinitive marker: to a fi ― to be (obsolete) at (now almost completely replaced by la) (used only with a few perception verbs like suna, mirosi, arăta) like, of === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Romanian, from a late Vulgar Latin *ae(t), from Latin habet. ==== Verb ==== (el/ea) a (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses) modal auxiliary (he/she) has... ===== Usage notes ===== a is used instead of are to form the third-person singular perfect compus. === References === “a”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026 == Sardinian == === Etymology 1 === From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word) in senses 1 and 2) ==== Conjunction ==== a (Nuorese) only used in che a (“like, as”) (Campidanese) only used in tottu a and a tottu used in the words for the numbers 17 and 19 (Logudorese) only used in degasette (“seventeen”) (Campidanese) only used in dexasetti (“seventeen”) and degannoi (“nineteen”) (Nuorese) only used in decassette (“seventeen”) and decannobe (“nineteen”) === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). ==== Alternative forms ==== ad (used before vowel-initial words) an (Nuorese, before words starting with d-) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (Logudorese, Nuorese) /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word)) IPA(key): (Campidanese) /a/ (often does not trigger final cogemination) ==== Preposition ==== a indicates the indirect object; to indicates the place; in, to denotes the manner; with a pe' (Logudorese) ― on foot === Etymology 3 === From Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of o. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word)) ==== Conjunction ==== a (central Sardinia) Used to introduce a question or an exhortation a benis? ― are you coming? a nos pasamos! ― Let's rest! ===== Usage notes ===== Used in expressions such as a chie ... a chie ... (Logudorese, Nuorese) and a chini ... a chini ... (Campidanese) a chie ridet, a chie pranghet (Nuorese) ― one laughs, the other one cries (literally, “[there's] who laughs, [there's] who cries”) In these expressions, e can be used instead of a, though it's not common. ===== Derived terms ===== annò === References === Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “a1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “a2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “a3”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg == Sassarese == === Alternative forms === ad (before a vowel) === Etymology === From Latin ad, from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Preposition === a Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action; to, sometimes untranslated Used to indicate destination; to Used to indicate purpose; to Used with adverbs expressing position or proximity; to, sometimes untranslated Used to indicate a moment in time; at Used to indicate a period of time; in in, about, with regard to Used to indicate a comparison; to Denotes the direct object Indicates manner. Indicates shape. Used to introduce a question. ==== Quotations ==== For quotations using this term, see Citations:a. === References === Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes == Satawalese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Pronoun === a (third-person singular) he she it === References === Kevin M. Roddy (2007), "A Sketch Grammar Of Satawalese, The Language Of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia" == Scots == === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Ȝ ȝ === Etymology 2 === From Middle English a, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ə] ==== Article ==== a a, an (indefinite article) ===== Usage notes ===== Unlike English, this form can be used before both consonant and vowel sounds. However, this is not often the case in written Scots, probably due to the influence of English. ===== Synonyms ===== (before a vowel): an ==== References ==== “a, indef. art.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 3 === ==== Determiner ==== a alternative form of a' ==== Adverb ==== a alternative form of a' ==== Noun ==== a (uncountable) alternative form of a' ==== References ==== “a, adj., adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. == Scottish Gaelic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (etymologies 2–8) /ə/, (etymologies 1 and 9) /a/ Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; followed by b; traditionally named ailm (“elm”). ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù) (diacritics) ◌̀ (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó === Etymology 2 === From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *ā. Cognates include Irish a and Welsh a. ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) Used to mark a vocative; O Halò, a Ruairidh. ― Hello, (O) Roderick. === Etymology 3 === From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a. ==== Determiner ==== a (gd, triggers lenition) his, its a (gd, triggers H-prothesis) her, its ===== See also ===== === Etymology 4 === From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a. ==== Pronoun ==== a (governs the relative form of the verb) relative particle; who, which, that Cuin a chluinneas tu e? ― When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”) Chunnaic mi an duine a dh'fhalbh leis ― I saw the person who took it Ciamar a tha sibh? ― How are you? (literally, “How [that] are you (pl.)?”) === Etymology 5 === From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a. ==== Particle ==== a (triggers H-prothesis) Used before cardinal numbers not succeeded by a noun A bheil agad a ceithir? ― Do you have four? === Etymology 6 === From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a. ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) Used to mark the infinitive of a verb; to Tha mi a' dol a chadal. ― I'm going to sleep. === Etymology 7 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Preposition ==== a (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels) Reduced form of do Reduced form of de === Etymology 8 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) Form of an used before bheil ===== Usage notes ===== Less frequently, am may be used before bheil as well. === Etymology 9 === ==== Interjection ==== a! ah! ===== Alternative forms ===== à === References === MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “a”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[7], Stirling, →ISBN Mark, Colin (2003), The Gaelic–English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1 Edward Dwelly (1911), “a”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === See Translingual section. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A, Cyrillic equivalent а) The first letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), written in the Latin script; followed by b. === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). ==== Conjunction ==== a (Cyrillic spelling а) but, and (compare ȁli) Učio sam c(ij)elo posl(ij)epodne, a ništa nisam naučio. ― I studied for the whole afternoon, but I didn't learn anything. A kako biste vi to napravili? ― And how would you do that? while (on the contrary), whereas Stolovi su crveni, a stolice su zelene. ― The tables are red, whereas the chairs are green. (with da ne) without (usually after negative verbs) Ne mogu se uključiti u raspravu, a da ne napravim nered. ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess. Odlazi, a da nije rekao ni zbogom. ― He's leaving without even saying goodbye. (a ȉpāk) and yet Pravi prijatelj zna sve o tebi, a ipak te voli. ― The real friend knows everything about you, and yet he loves you. (a kȁmoli) not to mention, let alone U moru loših v(ij)esti teško je ostati objektivan, a kamoli optimističan. ― In the sea of bad news it's hard to stay objective, let alone optimistic. (a + i + da) even if A i da jesam to napravio, ne bi to učinilo neku razliku. ― Even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference. (a + i) and so, and also, and too Sviđaju mi se plavuše, a i ja se pokojoj svidim. ― I like blondes, and some of them even like me. Bili su žalosni, a i ja sam. ― They were sad, and so am I. === Etymology 3 === Attested since the 15th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Slovene a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation. ==== Interjection ==== a (Cyrillic spelling а) oh, ah a da? ― oh really? === References === “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 Skok, Petar (1971), “a”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 1 == Sicilian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === From Latin ā (the name of the letter A). ==== Noun ==== a f The name of the Latin script letter A/a.; a === Etymology 2 === From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa. ==== Article ==== a f sg (m u, plural i) the (feminine singular definite article) Synonym: la ===== Usage notes ===== As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing. In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery. Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancina (liquid) and ârancina (illiquid). ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa. ==== Alternative forms ==== la (liquid form) ==== Pronoun ==== a f sg (plural i, masculine u) (accusative) her Synonym: la A canusci? ― Do you know her? (accusative) it, this or that thing Synonym: la Quannu tâ desi. ― When I gave it to you. ===== Usage notes ===== This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles. ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 4 === From the merge of Latin ad and ab. ==== Preposition ==== a indicates the indirect object; to indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used; in, to denotes the manner; with a pedi, a muzzu ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles ===== Usage notes ===== When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad (also rhotacized as ar) is used instead. When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms: ==== See also ==== === Etymology 5 === ==== Verb ==== a misspelling of àvi == Silesian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a === Etymology 1 === The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself. === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, à ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ǒ ǒ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Polish a. ==== Conjunction ==== a and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it) and, but, whereas (used contrastively) and then (used to say an event will occur once some requirement is fulfilled) and, how come (used for clarification) ==== Particle ==== a intensifies agreement === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a. ==== Interjection ==== a interjection that expresses various emotions; ah! === Further reading === a in dykcjonorz.eu a in silling.org == Skolt Sami == === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Etymology 1 === See Translingual section. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Russian а (a) 'but'. ==== Conjunction ==== a but how, what about ==== References ==== ==== Further reading ==== Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland == Slovak == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/, [a] === Etymology 1 === From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Slovak a. ==== Conjunction ==== a and ===== Derived terms ===== === Further reading === “a”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Slovene == === Etymology 1 === From Gaj's Latin alphabet a, from Czech alphabet a, modification of capital A, itself derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾. ==== Pronunciation ==== (phoneme, tonal variety): IPA(key): /áː/, /àː/, /ʌ́/, /a/, [â], [ǎ] (phoneme, non-tonal variety): IPA(key): /aː/, /a/ (letter name): IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/ Rhymes: -aː Homophone: a ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script. ==== Symbol ==== a (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [a]. ==== Noun ==== ā m inan The name of the Latin script letter A/a. The name of the phonemes /a, aː, ʌ/. ===== Declension ===== Overall more common More common when with a definite adjective ==== Derived terms ==== à, á, ā, ȁ, ȃ ã, ȧ, ä, å, ḁ, ą če si rekel a, reci tudi b ena a od a do ž === Etymology 2 === Attested since the 18th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/, /á/ Rhymes: -aː Homophones: A, a ==== Interjection ==== a oh Used at the end of a sentence for confirmation, similarly to 'didn't I' in English. Tega nisi pričakoval, a? ― You did not expect this, did you? ===== Synonyms ===== === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Indo-European *ō̃t, which is ablative form of Proto-Indo-European *e- 'this'. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a) and Czech a. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Conjunction ==== a but Synonyms: in, pa, toda, vendar ==== Particle ==== a contracted form of ali, particle used to form a yes- no question. Synonyms: kaj, ali === See also === (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž à á ã ä å ā ą ȁ ȃ ȧ ḁ ali === Further reading === “a”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026 == Slovincian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. ==== Conjunction ==== a and Synonym: ë and, but, whereas ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“ah!”). ==== Interjection ==== a ah! Synonyms: ach, ach, o === References === Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “a”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎[9] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1 Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “ã”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎[10] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1 == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/, [a] Homophone: ha Rhymes: -a === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a f (plural aes) Name of the letter A. ===== Usage notes ===== Nominally, a always takes the usual feminine articles la and una (la a, una a). This makes it an exception to the rule according to which feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ frequently take the articles el and un otherwise reserved for masculine nouns (e.g., el alma, un alma). ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z (Latin script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, ge, hache, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, cu, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve doble, equis, ye, zeta (Category: es:Latin letter names) === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad (“to”). ==== Alternative forms ==== (obsolete) á (obsolete) à ==== Preposition ==== a to by at Used before words referring to people, pets, or personified objects or places that function as direct objects: personal a. ===== Usage notes ===== Personal a is not translated into English. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== See also ===== Spanish prepositions § a on Wikipedia.Wikipedia == Sranan Tongo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/, [a̠], [ɑ̟] === Pronoun === a he, she, it === Article === a (singular) the ==== Usage notes ==== Sranan Tongo makes no difference between singular and plural forms, except for pronouns and determiners and the definite article. Common nouns referring to a collection of similar items are usually treated as singular where in English they would be grammatically plural, and so are referred to with singular pronouns and determiners and the singular definite article. === Preposition === a at, to Synonym: na === Particle === a (copula) to be (used with a noun phrase as complement) Synonym: na ==== Usage notes ==== This particle is only used when the temporal aspect is unmarked, whether for timeless facts, or for statements where time is not considered relevant. === Descendants === Aukan: a >? Maroon Spirit Language: a, o Saramaccan: a == Sumerian == === Romanization === a romanization of 𒀀 (a) == Swahili == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-a, from the Proto-Bantu possessive concords. In Sabaki, cognate with Ngazidja Comorian -a and Giryama -a. Other Bantu cognates include Rwanda-Rundi -a. === Particle === -a The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of kitabu cha mtoto ― child's book kiini cha yai ― egg yolk (literally, “center of egg”) ==== Usage notes ==== This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it. When used as an adjectival particle, the particle itself is untranslated: nguo za kufuliwa ― laundry, washing (literally, “laundry clothing”) mali ya pamoja ― communal property When used as a genitive particle, the particle is sometimes untranslated: Bahari ya Hindi ― Indian Ocean ==== Inflection ==== ==== See also ==== -enye: the ornative particle == Swedish == === Preposition === a from (very formal, seldom used outside written formal texts.) ==== Usage notes ==== Only used in the noun a dato (from this day) and the adverb a priori (beforehand, in advance). ==== See also ==== a dato a priori === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö === Adverb === a (not comparable) (colloquial) alternative form of aa == Tagalog == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Spanish a. Each pronunciation has a different source: Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English a. Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜀ (a). Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish a. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet) Rhymes: -ej IPA(key): /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario) Rhymes: -a IPA(key): /ˈa/ [ˈa] (phoneme, stressed) Rhymes: -a IPA(key): /a/ [ɐ] (phoneme, unstressed) Syllabification: a ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) the first letter of the Filipino alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script the first letter of the Abakada alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script (historical) the first letter of the Abecedario, called a and written in the Latin script ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z alpa ==== Noun ==== a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ) the name of the Latin script letter A/a, in the Abakada alphabet Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey (historical) the name of the Latin script letter A/a, in the Abecedario Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey ===== Related terms ===== ===== See also ===== aa === Etymology 2 === Compare Spanish ah, English ah, Hokkien 啊 (a). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Interjection ==== a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ) ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise A! Kailan namatay ang iyong ina? ― Ah! When did your mother die? oh (expression of understanding or realization) Synonym: aw ==== Alternative forms ==== ah === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔaʔ/ [ˈʔaʔ] Rhymes: -aʔ Syllabification: a ==== Interjection ==== a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ) ouch (expression of pain) Synonyms: aray, aw ===== Alternative forms ===== ah === Etymology 4 === Compare Hokkien 啊 (--a). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Particle ==== a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ) alternative form of ha (sentence-ending particle) ===== Alternative forms ===== ah === Further reading === “a”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 == Tarantino == === Preposition === a in at to == Tarifit == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /æ/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Tarifit alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Particle === a m or f (Tifinagh spelling ⴰ) allomorph of ad (pre­verbal particle expressing nonrealized or future events) used before clitics vocative particle A Mimunt! ― O Mimount! == Tày == === Pronunciation === (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [ʔaː˧˧] (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [ʔaː˦˥] === Etymology 1 === ==== Particle ==== a (Nôm form 呵) alright?; okay?; will you? Chin a. ― Let's eat. Mừa a. ― Let's go home. already Chư̱ a. ― Oh right. ===== Derived terms ===== a dè a rối === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Tai *ʔaːᴬ (“father's younger sister”). Cognate with Lao ອາ (ʼā), Thai อา (aa). ==== Noun ==== a (Nôm form 妸) paternal aunt me̱ a ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) pi noọng lục áo lục dé, lục me̱ a lục po̱ khủ ― first cousins (literally, “brothers [who are] children of uncles and aunts”) younger sister a noọng ― younger sister (in relation to a brother) ===== Derived terms ===== a lùa a sliên === References === Hoàng Văn Ma; Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Chí (2006), Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[13][14] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[15] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House] Léopold Michel Cadière (1910), Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎[16] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient == Tenharim == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Tenharim alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, à ã), E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ), G g, G̃, g̃, H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), J j, K k, M m (Mb mb), N n (Nd nd, Ng ng, Nh nh), O o (Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ), V v, X x, Y y (Ý ý, Ỹ ỹ) == Tlingit == === Pronoun === a its (third-person nonhuman possessive) theirs (third-person obviate possessive) == Tok Pisin == === Etymology === Imitative or onomatopoeia. === Interjection === a eh? == Tokelauan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Māori a and Tuvaluan a. ==== Article ==== a a personal article, used after the prepositions i and ki and before personal names or names of months ===== Derived terms ===== a te ===== See also ===== === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Polynesian *qa. Cognates include Hawaiian a and Samoan a. ==== Preposition ==== a marks alienable possession; of ===== See also ===== o === References === R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[17], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 1 == Tooro == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Particle === -a The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of ==== Declension ==== === References === Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[18], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 415 == Tumbuka == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Tumbuka alphabet, written in the Latin script. == Turkish == === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Turkish alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz === Noun === a The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze (Category: tr:Latin letter names) == Turkmen == === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /a/, /aː/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z == Tyap == === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /a/, /aː/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Tyap alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Interjection === a ah (expression of surprise, question) eh (expression of reluctance) === Pronoun === a you (2nd person subject singular personal pronoun) === Pronoun === a̱ he/she (3rd person singular personal pronoun) === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /ə̀/ === Pronoun === á̱ they (indefinite) (3rd person plural personal pronoun) === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /ə́/ === See also === (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cy cy, D d, E e, F f, G g, Gb gb, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, Ghy ghy, H h, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jy jy, K k, Kh kh, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ny ny, O o, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, Shy shy, T t, Ts ts, U u, V v, W w, Y y, Z z == Unami == === Etymology 1 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Particle ==== a should, ought to === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== a (VAI (animate-subject intransitive)) To go to, to go to a place. ===== Conjugation ===== Conditional: aan (first-person aane) ===== See also ===== eya === References === Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005), “a”, in Grant Leneaux, Raymond Whritenour, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project == Upper Sorbian == === Conjunction === a and the (establishing a parallel between two comparatives) starši a mudriši ― the older, the smarter dlěje a hórje ― the longer, the worse === Further reading === “a” in Soblex == Urubú-Kaapor == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Urubú-Kaapor alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, à ã), E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ), H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), J j, K k, M m (Mb mb), N n (Nd nd, Ng ng, Nh nh), O o (Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ), W w, X x, Y y (Ý ý, Ỹ ỹ) == Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔaː˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔaː˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔaː˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from French a. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, à ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ) === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== (classifier cái) a • (阿) (rare) a cutting tool consisting of two blades inserted into a long handle to cut grass or to harvest rice Synonyms: trang, gạc === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from French are. ==== Noun ==== a (dated) a land measurement unit, equal to 100 square meters === Etymology 4 === ==== Verb ==== a (rare) to rush or charge forward at Synonyms: sấn, xông === Etymology 5 === ==== Pronoun ==== a (slang, Internet, text messaging) abbreviation of anh === Etymology 6 === ==== Particle ==== a (North Central Vietnam, otherwise rare) Used to indicate a question that is asked out of perplexity or sarcasm. === Etymology 7 === ==== Interjection ==== a An expression of happiness, surprise or of a sudden remembrance of something. == Volapük == === Etymology === Borrowed from English a or French à. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a per, a a del ― per day, a day by a tel ― by twos == Votic == === Pronunciation === (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ] (Jõgõperä) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ] Rhymes: -ɑ Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Votic alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Russian а (a). ==== Conjunction ==== a but (following a negative clause or sentence), on the contrary, but rather however, although, nevertheless, on the other hand === Etymology 3 === Natural. Compare Russian а (a). ==== Interjection ==== a ah!, oh! oops! ouch! === See also === aa aah ah haa see other Votic letters === References === Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[19], 2nd edition, Tallinn == Walloon == === Etymology === From Latin ad. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Preposition === a at == Welsh == === Etymology 1 === ==== Alternative forms ==== à (unpredictably short) á (unusually stressed) â (unpredictably or unusually stressed long) ä (indicating disyllaicity) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aː/ Rhymes: -aː ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Welsh alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script; followed by b. ===== Mutation ===== a cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word afal (“apple”): ===== Derived terms ===== Digraph sequences: ae, ai, au, aw, ay ===== See also ===== Other Welsh letters and their names ==== Noun ==== a f (plural âu) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ===== Mutation ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aː/ Rhymes: -aː ==== Verb ==== a (colloquial) first-person singular future of mynd ===== Synonyms ===== af (literary) === Etymology 3 === From Old Welsh a(c), from Proto-Brythonic *(h)a, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd-gʰe (compare Welsh ag and Cornish ha). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ Rhymes: -a ==== Conjunction ==== a (triggers aspirate mutation (but not always in colloquial language)) and ===== Synonyms ===== ac (used before a vowel) === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ Rhymes: -a ==== Pronoun ==== a (triggers soft mutation) (relative) that, which, who y dyn a welais i ― the man whom I saw ===== Usage notes ===== a is used in direct relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod (“to be”). a is not used with the third person singular present of the verb bod, where the relative verb form sydd is used instead: Mae'r dyn yn ifanc. ― The man is young. y dyn sydd yn ifanc (not *y dyn a yw'n ifanc) ― the man who is young a is not used in indirect relative clauses, where the pronoun is part of a genitive or periphrastic construction. Instead the second relative pronoun y is used: Roedd chwaer y dyn yma. ― The man's sister was here. y dyn yr oedd ei chwaer yma (not *y dyn a oedd ei chwaer yma) ― the man whose sister was here == West Makian == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Verb ==== a (stative) to be cooked (stative) to be done, finished ===== Conjugation ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Verb ==== a (transitive) alternative form of am (“to eat”) ===== Usage notes ===== The verb a ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do. ===== Conjugation ===== === References === Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[20], Pacific linguistics == Yao (Africa) == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Yao (Africa) alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Particle === -a The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of ==== Usage notes ==== This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it. ==== Inflection ==== == Yele == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /æ/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Derived terms ==== The digraph ⟨aa⟩ transcribes the long vowel /æː/ The digraph ⟨꞉a⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /æ̃/ The trigraph ⟨꞉aa⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /æ̃ː/ ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉ == Yola == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English þe, from Old English þe. ==== Alternative forms ==== tha, thay, the, th', ye, y', ee, eee === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ə/, /ðə/, /ðeː/, /ðiː/, /ð/, /iː/ === Determiner === a the, in later times the. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). ==== Alternative forms ==== e ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ə/ ==== Article ==== a one === Etymology 3 === From Middle English a, unstressed variant of on, of. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ə/ ==== Preposition ==== a on of 2005, Jacob Poole Of Growtown - And the Yola Dialect: Nich th' hia thoras a Culpake. Nigh the tall thistles of Culpake. === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronoun ==== a alternative form of thaaye (“they”) === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 21 == Yoruba == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (phoneme): IPA(key): /a/ (letter name): IPA(key): /á/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called á and written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== á The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí === Etymology 2 === Likely a clipping of àwa (“we (emphatic pronoun)”) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ā/ ==== Pronoun ==== a we (first-person plural personal subject pronoun) ===== Usage notes ===== Similar to other shortened subject pronouns, its usage is restricted and can only be found directly before a verb or pre-verbal marker. It cannot be used with particles/discourse markers such as ńkọ́ or conjunctions such as àti, pẹ̀lú, and tàbí. In those cases, àwa must be used instead. === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (mid-tone): IPA(key): /ā/ (high-tone): IPA(key): /á/ ==== Pronoun ==== a him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /a/) Synonym: (honorific) wọn ==== Pronoun ==== á him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /a/) Synonym: (honorific) wọn Wọ́n ti pa á o! ― They've killed her! Ǹj'ó o kà á? ― Did you read it? ==== See also ==== == Yucatec Maya == === Pronoun === a you (second-person singular pronoun) == Zazaki == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Zazaki alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== see other Zazaki letters === Pronoun === a f she == Zhuang == === Pronunciation === (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ʔa˨˦/ === Etymology 1 === Compare Chinese 鴉 / 鸦 (yā). ==== Noun ==== a (Sawndip forms 𮬨 or 鵶 or ⿰下鳥 or 蚜) crow ===== Synonyms ===== roegga === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== a (Sawndip form 妸) (dialectal) mother === Etymology 3 === ==== Particle ==== a used to express questions == Zou == === Etymology === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ʔʌ̄] Hyphenation: a === Particle === a The third-person singular verbal concord: he, she The third-person singular possessive determiner: his, her ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 131 Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 71 == Zulu == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== see other Zulu letters == More languages ==