a/languages A to L

== Abau == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Particle === a you know? right? (confirmation- or explanation-seeking particle) it seems; used to convey a statement that is unconfirmed but likely to be agreed upon === Noun === a class II gender f house === References === SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, in Webonary.org‎[2] == Afar == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ [ˈʔʌ] Hyphenation: a === Determiner === á this, these (masculine) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== === References === E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis) == Akawaio == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Akawaio alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, E e, I i, Ɨ ɨ, K k, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ʉ ʉ, W w, Y y, ꞌ === References === Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014), Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index, SIL International, page 2 == Albanian == === Etymology 1 === According to Orel, the particle and conjunction are etymologically identical. From Proto-Albanian *a and cognate to Ancient Greek ἦ (ê, “indeed”). From Proto-Albanian *(h)au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu- (“that”). Cognate to Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “on the other hand, again”). A proclitic disjunctive particle, used with one or more parts of the sentence. === Alternative forms === ha (archaic, Buzuku) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Conjunction ==== a or there === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== a a question particle probably, perhaps whether ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Standard Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script. === See also === (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh === References === === Further reading === “a”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006 FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[4], 1980 == Ama == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ãː/ === Noun === a tree == Anguthimri == === Verb === a (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull === References === Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184 == Aragonese == === Etymology === From Latin illa. === Article === a f sg the a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language == Asturian == === Etymology === From Latin ad. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ [a] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a === Preposition === a to, towards ==== Derived terms ==== al === Article === a f sg (masculine il, neuter u, masculine plural us, feminine plural as) (A Estierna) alternative form of la === Noun === a f a (the name of the letter A, a) == Azerbaijani == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (phoneme) /ɑ/, (letter name) [ɑː] ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a (definite accusative anı, plural alar) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z (Latin-script letter names) hərf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, ə, fe, ge, ğe, he, xe / iks, ı, i, je, ke / ka, qe / kü, el, em, en, o, ö, pe, er, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye / iqrek, ze / zet === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ɑː] ==== Interjection ==== a ah, oh (indicates surprise) A, doğrudan? ― Oh, really? === Further reading === “a” in Obastan.com. == Bambara == === Article === a the (definite article). === Interjection === a ah (expression of surprise) eh (expression of reluctance) === Pronoun === a they, them (plural) he, she, they (singular) ==== Synonyms ==== (they): u == Basque == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ [a] Rhymes: -a Hyphenation: a === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== see other Basque letters === Noun === a (indeclinable) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== see other Basque letter names == Bavarian == === Etymology 1 === Cognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɐ/ ==== Article ==== a a ===== See also ===== oa (“one”, determiner) === Etymology 2 === Unstressed form of ea ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɐ/ ==== Pronoun ==== a he ===== See also ===== === Etymology 3 === Cognate with German auch. ==== Adverb ==== a alternative form of aa: also, too, as well == Belizean Creole == === Preposition === a of === References === Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19. == Big Nambas == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ Rhymes: -a === Preposition === a in === References === Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox == Breton == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a (triggers soft mutation) from (expresses origin) tud a Vrest ― people from Brest of (indicates an amount) un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat of (expresses a quality) ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider after ordinal numbers with a plural noun tri a vugale ― three children used in negative sentences with the grammatical object nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling] after substantivized adjectives used as nouns ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl combined with a personal pronoun gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== a (triggers soft mutation) preverbal particle used when the subject precedes the verb ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue the object precedes the verb an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man ==== Pronoun ==== a (triggers soft mutation) (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb) an hini a garan ― the one whom I love == Bube == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /à/ === Determiner === a The augment for class 2, 6, 6b and 16 nouns. ==== See also ==== === References === Justo Bolekia (2009), Diccionario español-bubi, Akal, →ISBN, page 22 == Cameroon Pidgin == === Pronoun === a alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”) == Catalan == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ Rhymes: -a ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== Derived terms ===== no saber ni la a ===== See also ===== see other Catalan letters === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Eastern) IPA(key): /ə/ (Western) IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a in, at; indicating a particular time or place to; indicating movement towards a particular place to; indicating a target or indirect object per by ===== Usage notes ===== When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al. The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’. ===== Derived terms ===== al als as cap a per a == Central Mazahua == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ == Chayuco Mixtec == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Conjunction === a or === References === Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974), Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎[5] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110 == Chibcha == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Noun === a open mouth smell, taste === References === Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013. == Chichewa == === Particle === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== -a The genitive particle; associative particle; adjectival particle; of ===== Usage notes ===== This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it. ===== Inflection ===== == Choctaw == === Conjunction === a yes == Chuukese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Pronoun === a he she it === Adjective === a he is she is it is === Related terms === == Cimbrian == === Alternative forms === an (Sette Comuni) === Etymology === From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain. === Article === a (oblique masculine an) (Luserna) a, an Maria iz a lavròunaren. ― Maria is a Lavaronese. === References === Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien == Coatepec Nahuatl == === Noun === a water == Cora == === Particle === a outside out of view (from the speaker) entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner === Antonyms === u (“inside; within view”) === References === Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985), “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics == Cornish == === Etymology 1 === Onomatopoeic. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aː/ ==== Interjection ==== a ah === Etymology 2 === Compare Welsh a. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Particle ==== a (triggers soft mutation) Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Preposition ==== a (triggers soft mutation) of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality) of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity) from (indicating provenance) ==== Inflection ==== === Etymology 4 === Possibly conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Welsh o (“if”) and Old Irish ó (“when”). ==== Conjunction ==== a (triggers hard mutation) if Synonyms: mar, mara, maras, mars === Etymology 5 === From Proto-Brythonic *ėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Compare Welsh â. ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of mos (“to go”) second-person singular imperative of mos (“to go”) == Corsican == === Etymology === From the earlier la. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ Homophones: à, hà === Article === a f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e) the (feminine) ==== Usage notes ==== Before a vowel, a turns into l' === Pronoun === a f her, it (direct object) ==== Usage notes ==== Before a vowel, a turns into l' ==== See also ==== === References === “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa == Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈa] === Conjunction === a and === Further reading === “a”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “a”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “a”, in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2026, slovnikcestiny.cz “a”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Dakota == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Dakota alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, Č č, Čh čh, Čʼ čʼ, D d, E e (É é), G g, Ǧ ǧ, H h, Ȟ ȟ, I i (Í í), K k, Kh kh, Kȟ kȟ, Kʼ kʼ, M m, N n, ŋ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Ph ph, Pȟ pȟ, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Š š, T t, Th th, Tȟ tȟ, Tʼ tʼ, U u (Ú ú), W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, ʼ == Dalmatian == === Etymology === From Latin ad. === Preposition === a to at == Danish == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ] Rhymes: -æː ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== see other Danish letters === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ] Rhymes: -æː ==== Noun ==== a n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === ==== Alternative forms ==== à (unofficial but common) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /æ/, [ˈæˀ] Rhymes: -æ, -æː ==== Preposition ==== a of, of...each, each containing at to, or === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ] Rhymes: -æː ==== Verb ==== a imperative of ae == Dutch == === Pronunciation === (letter name): IPA(key): /aː/ === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz === Etymology 2 === From Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō. ==== Alternative forms ==== aa (especially in names) ie ==== Noun ==== a f (plural a's, diminutive aatje) (archaic) a stream or water ===== Related terms ===== Aa eiland ==== Further reading ==== Aa (waternaam) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronoun ==== a (Brabant, dialectal) alternative form of u (“you”, objective or reflexive pronoun) ==== Pronoun ==== a (Brabant, dialectal) alternative form of uw (“your”) ===== Usage notes ===== The masculine singular form of the possessive pronoun is awe. == Edo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /à/ ==== Pronoun ==== a impersonal pronoun, usually translated into English as "we" ==== Derived terms ==== agukisinmwiongie (“morning star”) === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Edo alphabet, written in the Latin script. === References === Rebecca N. Agheyisi (1986), An Ẹdo - English Dictionary‎[6], Ethiope Publishing Corporation, page 1 == Egyptian == === Romanization === a Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥ. == Emilian == === Etymology === From Latin ego (“I”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɐ/ Hyphenation: a === Pronoun === a (personal, nominative case) I we you (plural) ==== Alternative forms ==== Becomes aj- before a vowel (proclitic). Becomes -ja when acting as an enclitic. ==== Related terms ==== == Esperanto == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z === Noun === a (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo == Estonian == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (letter name, aa): IPA(key): /ˈɑː/ (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɑ/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y) ==== Noun ==== a (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd) the letter a (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet) (music) A (note) Synonym: la ===== Declension ===== (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet): (music): === Etymology 2 === Clipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a). ==== Conjunction ==== a (colloquial, in fast speech) but === Etymology 3 === ==== Noun ==== a abbreviation of aasta abbreviation of aar === References === a in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut) “a”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009 == Fala == === Etymology 1 === From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”). ==== Article ==== a f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os) Feminine singular definite article; the ==== Pronoun ==== a Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her ===== See also ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”). ==== Preposition ==== a to === References === Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[7], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 36 == Faroese == === Etymology === From Latin a. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɛaː/ Homophone: æ Rhymes: -ɛaː === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø == Finnish == === Etymology 1 === The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself. ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C C, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö === Etymology 2 === German musical notation. ==== Noun ==== a (music) A (note) ===== Usage notes ===== Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys. ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== == Franco-Provençal == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin ad. === Preposition === a (ORB) to at of (possessive) ==== Derived terms ==== a revêre === References === Stich, Dominique (2003), “a”, in Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée, Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré: “a (sert parfois à la possession)”. == French == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a m or f (plural as) a, the name of the Latin-script letter A ==== Derived terms ==== e dans l'a === Etymology 2 === Quebec eye-dialect spelling of elle. ==== Pronunciation ==== (CA) IPA(key): /a/ ==== Pronoun ==== a f (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”) === Etymology 3 === From Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet. ==== Pronunciation ==== (France) IPA(key): /a/ (CA) IPA(key): /ɑ/, /ɔ/ Homophones: à, as Rhymes: -a ==== Verb ==== a third-person singular present indicative of avoir === See also === à â === Further reading === “a”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Fula == === Etymology 1 === ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script. ===== Usage notes ===== Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular). ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Nd nd, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronoun ==== a you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form) ===== Usage notes ===== Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular). Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead. ===== See also ===== aɗa (second person singular subject pronoun; long form), hiɗa (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon) aan (emphatic form) (Maasina) an (emphatic form) (Pular) maaɗa (second person singular possessive pronoun (Adamawa)) -maa (second person singular dependent pronoun (Adamawa)) == Galician == === Etymology 1 === From Latin ad (“to, toward”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/ [ɐ] Rhymes: -a Hyphenation: a ==== Preposition ==== a to, toward; indicating direction of motion introducing an indirect object used to indicate the time of an action (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range de cinco a oito ― from five to eight by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action a pé ― on foot for; indicates price or cost ===== Usage notes ===== The preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a̝/ ==== Article ==== a f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os) (definite) the ===== Usage notes ===== The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na. Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria. ===== Derived terms ===== á coa da na ===== See also ===== === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈa/ ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a m (plural as) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, gue, hache, i, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, que, erre, ese, te, u, uve, xe, ceta / zeta (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronoun ==== a accusative of ela ===== Usage notes ===== Due to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel: Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a ===== See also ===== === References === “a”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026 Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “a”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega == German == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /a/, /ä/ Rhymes: -aː ==== Letter ==== a n (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as) a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as) alternative form of A ===== Declension ===== ===== Usage notes ===== The genitive and plural forms as are colloquial. === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== a abbreviation of a-Moll abbreviation of Ar == Gilbertese == === Etymology === From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Numeral === a four == Gothic == === Romanization === a romanization of 𐌰 == Grass Koiari == === Pronoun === a you (singular) === References === 2010, Terry Crowley & Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 142. == Gun == === Etymology === Cognates include Fon à. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /à/ === Pronoun === à you (second-person singular subject pronoun) ==== See also ==== == Haitian Creole == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Article === a the, definite article ==== Usage notes ==== This term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns. ==== See also ==== an la lan nan yo yon == Hawaiian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/, [ə] === Conjunction === a and (used between sentences) until, up to === Preposition === a of, belonging to ==== Usage notes ==== Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). ==== Derived terms ==== a i ʻole a me == Hokkien == == Hungarian == === Etymology 1 === See az. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ɒ] Rhymes: -ɒ ==== Article ==== a (definite) the a hölgy ― the lady (before some time phrases) this a héten ― (during) this week a télen ― (in) this winter ===== Usage notes ===== Used before words starting with a consonant. ===== Related terms ===== az (for words starting with a vowel sound) ==== Pronoun ==== a (demonstrative) (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house. ==== Determiner ==== a (demonstrative) (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) alternative form of az (“that”) Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék. ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about. November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month. Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect… amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”) === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (letter or phoneme itself): IPA(key): [ˈɒː] (identifier or musical note): IPA(key): [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A) ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone ===== Derived terms ===== a-moll === See also === (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs === References === === Further reading === a in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021) Entries in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ISBN 9630535793 definite article; pronoun; determiner speech sound; letter; first element; abbreviation musical note and tone interjection for displeasure, contradiction, surprise, disappointment, or pity and (dialectal) interjection for emphasis == Icelandic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /aː/ Rhymes: -aː === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Noun === a The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== Declension ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. === See also === (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö == Ido == === Pronunciation === (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z === Noun === a (plural a-i) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze [edit] === Preposition === a apocopic form of ad ==== Related terms ==== e (“and”) o (“or”) == Igbo == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script. === Etymology 1 === ==== Alternative forms ==== e (neutral tongue position) ==== Pronunciation ==== (high-tone): IPA(key): /á/ (low-tone): IPA(key): /à/ ==== Pronoun ==== a (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual). ===== Usage notes ===== Often gets translated into English with the passive voice. ===== See also ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /à/ ==== Determiner ==== a this. ===== Related terms ===== ahụ == Indo-Portuguese == === Etymology === From Portuguese a. === Pronunciation === (Sri Lankan Creole) IPA(key): /a/, /ə/ === Preposition === a to == Indonesian == === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /a/ [a] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a Homophones: A, à === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet === Further reading === “a”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Ingrian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian а (a). === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ] (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ] Rhymes: -ɑ Hyphenation: a === Conjunction === a and, but === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1 Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15 == Interlingua == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Preposition === a to, at to, for (indicating purpose) sala a attender ― waiting room ==== Derived terms ==== a in al == Inupiaq == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Interjection === a listen, hark oops (used to acknowledge an error) oh (used to express surprise) == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ə/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei. ==== Determiner ==== a (triggers lenition) his, its a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother ==== Determiner ==== a (triggers h-prothesis) her, its a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother ==== Determiner ==== a (triggers eclipsis) their a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother a dtithe ― their houses a n-ainmneacha ― their names (Connacht) our (Connacht) your (plural) ===== See also ===== ==== Determiner ==== a (triggers lenition) how (used with an abstract noun) === Etymology 2 === A reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses. ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms) introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk ==== References ==== Gerald O’Nolan (1920), Studies in Modern Irish‎[8], volume 1, pages 89, 93–94 === Etymology 3 === From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)). ==== Particle ==== a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs) introduces an indirect relative clause an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away ===== Related terms ===== ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs) ==== Pronoun ==== a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs) all that, whatever ===== Related terms ===== ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs) ==== References ==== Nicholas Williams (1994), “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).” Gerald O’Nolan (1934), The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56 === Etymology 4 === ==== Particle ==== a (triggers lenition) introduces a vocative === Etymology 5 === ==== Particle ==== a (triggers h-prothesis) introduces a numeral a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three... Séamas a Dó ― James the Second bus a seacht ― bus seven === Etymology 6 === Originally a reduced form of do. ==== Preposition ==== a (plus dative, triggers lenition) to (used with verbal nouns) síol a chur ― to sow seed uisce a ól ― to drink water an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing === Mutation === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “a”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 a (‘that which’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Isoko == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Isoko alphabet, written in the Latin script. === References === E. O. Agbada et al, Vbuhrẹ Ụmụ́bọrá Isoko (Teach Yourself Isoko), first published 2008, revised edition 2017, pages 8, 10-11 Onyerioma Isaac Itegolor, Isoko Wha Dooo...! Book 2 (Operation Speak Your Language), Revised Standard Edition (2015), page 1 Joe Okedi, Abidi Isoko Na Kpobi, 2020 == Istriot == === Etymology === From Latin ad. === Preposition === a at 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99: A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere, At the stern, at the bow everything is flags, === Particle === a emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99: A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere, At the stern, at the bow everything is flags, == Italian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/* Rhymes: -a Hyphenation: a === Etymology 1 === From Latin ā (the name of the letter A). ==== Letter ==== a f or m (lower case, upper case A, invariable) The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. ==== Noun ==== a f (invariable) The name of the Latin script letter A/a.; a ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab. ==== Preposition ==== a Indicates the indirect object. to Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to Denotes the manner. by appena, a nuoto, a piedi, a caso ― almost, swimming, by foot, randomly Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”. a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you... A domani! ― Until tomorrow! A dopo! ― Until later! Al prossimo Natale! ― Until next Christmas! Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it is not preceded by articles (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something. Al ladro! ― Thief! Al fuoco! ― Fire! Al lupo! ― Wolf! All'attacco! ― Attack! All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates) (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds. che stai a di'? ― what are you saying? stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by a due a due ― two by two; in pairs a poco a poco ― little by little Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangeable with da. ===== Usage notes ===== When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad can be used instead. When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms: ===== Descendants ===== → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned) === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== a misspelling of ha === Etymology 4 === From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”). ==== Conjunction ==== a Only used in the words for the numbers 17 (diciassette) and 19 (diciannove) ==== References ==== == Jamaican Creole == === Etymology === Compare French c'est. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Preposition === a Indicates location: at, in, on. of to === Verb === a to be As a copulative verb: (with there, or it) to exist. As an auxiliary verb: Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect. === Particle === a Habitual present tense marker. Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form. === See also === a-go === Further reading === a at majstro.com A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican, The Open Grammar Project == Japanese == === Romanization === a The hiragana syllable あ (a) or the katakana syllable ア (a) in Hepburn romanization. == Jersey Dutch == === Pronunciation === (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʊ/, /ɑ/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) A letter of the Jersey Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script. == Kabuverdianu == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script. == Kabyle == === Alternative forms === agi agini === Determiner === a this == Kalasha == === Etymology === From Sanskrit अहम् (ahám). === Pronoun === a (Arabic آ) I (1st-person personal pronoun) ==== See also ==== == Kankanaey == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a. ==== Pronunciation ==== (letter) IPA(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔei̯] Rhymes: -ej (phoneme) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script. ===== See also ===== (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z === Etymology 2 === Possibly borrowed from Ilocano a. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Interjection ==== a hey!; eh! Synonym: ay === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Noun ==== a act of getting Synonym: ala ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a ==== Particle ==== a indicates polite and/or persuasive emphasis (used at the end of sentences) ===== See also ===== === References === Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[9] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11 Morice Vanoverbergh (1933), “a”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎[10], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 1 Allen, Larry (2021), “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics Wallace, Judy (2018), “a”, in Northern Kankanay – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎[11] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 164 == Kapampangan == === Ligature === a connects adjectives to nouns === See also === == Kari'na == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] === Interjection === a ah, aah === References === Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎[12], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 213 Yamada, Racquel-María (2010), “a”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎[13], University of Oregon, page 707 == Kashubian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa/ Rhymes: -a Syllabification: a === Etymology 1 === The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself. === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. ==== Conjunction ==== a and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it) ==== Noun ==== a n (indeclinable) (music) a (note) === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. ==== Interjection ==== a interjection that expresses various emotions; ah! === Further reading === Stefan Ramułt (1893), “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 1 Sychta, Bernard (1967), “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 1 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[14], volume 1, page 9 “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Kayan == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) a the first letter of Kayan alphabet. === Pronoun === a used for he, she, third person. == K'iche' == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /aː/ === Adjective === a masculine youth indicator === Adverb === a (interrogatory) indicator of a question === Pronoun === a your === References === Christenson, Allen J. (2003), Kʼicheʼ-English dictionary and Guide to the pronunciation of the Kʼicheʼ-Maya alphabet‎[15], Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, →OCLC, page 7 == Koitabu == === Pronoun === a you (singular) === References === Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics == Krisa == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Noun === a m pig === References === Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004). == Ladin == === Etymology === From Latin a. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Preposition === a in at to ==== Derived terms ==== al ala ai ales == Ladino == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Spanish a (“unto”), from Latin ad (“to”). === Preposition === a (Hebrew spelling אה) to (unto) at (on) === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Interjection === a (Hebrew spelling אה) what? yes? what is it? ugh! === References === == Latgalian == === Etymology === Ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear: Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)). Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō. Compare Lithuanian o. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈa] Hyphenation: a === Conjunction === a f and, but === References === A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008), Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN == Latin == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː] ==== Preposition ==== ā (+ ablative) apocopic form of ab ===== Usage notes ===== Not used before a vowel or h. ===== Derived terms ===== a lacte cunisque ===== Descendants ===== Italian: a → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned) → Norwegian Nynorsk: a (learned) === Etymology 2 === From Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː] ==== Letter ==== a (lower case, upper case A) (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet. littera a ― the letter a === Etymology 3 === From Etruscan. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː] ==== Noun ==== ā f sg (indeclinable, no genitive) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ===== Coordinate terms ===== (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta ==== References ==== Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32 Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound. === Etymology 4 === Expressive. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː] ==== Interjection ==== ā ah === Further reading === “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “a”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. a, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011 == Latvian == === Etymology === Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [a] === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž === Noun === a m (invariable) The name of the Latin script letter A/a. ==== See also ==== (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē === Further reading === a on the Latvian Wikipedia.Wikipedia lv == Laz == === Determiner === a Latin spelling of ა (a) === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script. ==== See also ==== (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, Ç̌ ç̌, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, İ i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, P̌ p̌, Q q, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, Ť ť, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ === Numeral === a Latin spelling of ა (a) == Ligurian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Etymology 1 === ==== Article ==== a f sg (plural e) the ==== Inflection ==== === Etymology 2 === From Latin ad. ==== Preposition ==== a in at to Vàddo a câza. ― I'm going home. (literally, “I go to home.”) indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis A mæ seu ghe fa mâ 'n bràsso. ― My sister's arm hurts. (literally, “To my sister an arm hurts.”) == Livonian == === Pronunciation === (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɑ/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script. === See also === (Latin-script letters) kēratē’ḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž == Louisiana Creole == === Etymology === From French avoir (“to have”). === Verb === a to have == Lower Sorbian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /a/ === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. The name of the Latin script letter a/A. === Conjunction === a and === See also === (Latin-script letters) pismik; A a, B b, C c, Č č, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, J j, K k, Ł ł, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o (Ó ó), P p, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ź ź (obsolete letters) B́ b́, Ė ė, Ḿ ḿ, Ṕ ṕ, ſ, ß, Ꞩ ẜ, Ẃ ẃ (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Lushootseed == === Letter === a (lower case, upper case A) The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, written in the Latin script, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel. == More languages ==