Germany

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English Germanie, from Old English Germanie & Germania, from Latin Germānia (“land of the Germans”), from Germānī, a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology. The exonym was said by Strabo to derive from germānus (“close kin; genuine”), making it cognate with germane and german, but this seems unsupported. Attempts to derive it from Germanic or Celtic roots since the 18th century are all problematic, although it is perhaps cognate with the Old Irish gair (“neighbour”). Doublet of Germania. In reference to a medieval kingdom, English Germany is usually an anachronism using the Roman name to describe the area or calquing various Latin terms like rex Teutonicorum ("king of the Teutons"), which were often derogatory exonyms rather than formal titles. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mə.ni/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mə.ni/ === Proper noun === Germany (countable and uncountable, plural Germanys or Germanies) A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Rhine, Elbe, and upper Danube Rivers in Central Europe, taken as a whole under its various governments. (historical, now obsolete) The German Sprachraum; the countries and territories within Europe where German is or was the primary language. The principal state in this country, including (historical) A nominal medieval kingdom forming part of the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empires; (metonymic, now uncommon) the Holy Roman Empire in its entirety; (metonymic, obsolete) the Austrian Habsburg empire in its entirety. (historical) An empire formed by Prussia in 1871 with its capital at Berlin. (historical) A republic formed in 1918 with its capital at Berlin, inclusive of the Nazi regime who controlled it after 1933. (historical, uncommon) The socialist republic formed in 1949 with its capital at Berlin, more often known in English as East Germany. A country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany. Official name: Federal Republic of Germany. Capital and largest city: Berlin. (countable, historical) The various states in this country either over time or during periods of disunity and division, sometimes (inexact) inclusive of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria-Hungary's other holdings. (uncommon) A male given name. (uncommon) A surname. A township in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. An unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana, United States. An unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States. ==== Gallery ==== ==== Usage notes ==== Presently, Germany usually refers to Federal Republic of Germany; historical senses other than the German Empire, Weimar Germany, and Nazi Germany are usually distinguished. Historically, the extent of "Germany" was a contentious issue known in the 19th century as "The German Question". The area more often described an ethnic region than a polity into the 16th century, with Old English Germanie even occasionally being used to refer to the areas of England held by the Saxons, Angles, etc. As late as the 19th century, the political area considered "Germany" might include or exclude areas such as Austria, Königsberg, Switzerland, or even non-German parts of the Austrian Empire depending on the speaker and context. During the period of division between 1949 and 1990, either West or East Germany might be referenced as simply "Germany" depending on context, although English use typically referenced the West. See also the continuing use of Korea to refer primarily to South Korea. ==== Synonyms ==== (all): Deutschland, German Reich, Germania (uncommon or poetic); Dutchland, Germanland, Alemania (obs.) (present state): Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, BRD), German Republic (1949–1990): See West Germany and East Germany (1933–1945): Nazi Germany, Third Reich, Fascist Germany (1919–1933): Weimar Republic, Weimar Germany, German Republic (1871–1918): German Empire, Second Reich (early 19th century): North German Confederation, German Confederation, Confederation of the Rhine (earlier): Holy Roman Empire, First Reich, East Francia; see also Austria ==== Hypernyms ==== See Central Europe, European Union, Europe, Eurasia, Afro-Eurasia, Earth ==== Hyponyms ==== See also Thesaurus:Germany (states): Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia (historic divisions): Adriatic Littoral, Alpine Foothills, Alsace, Alsace-Lorraine, Anhalt, Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Köthen, Austria, Baden, Bayreuth, Bohemia, Brunswick, Carinthia, Cisleithania, Cologne-Aachen, Danzig, Düsseldorf, East Prussia, East Hanover, Electoral Hesse, Essen, Franconia, Frankfurt, Galicia, General Government, Greater Berlin, Halle-Merseburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Homburg, Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Nassau, Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Koblenz-Trier, Krakow, Liechtenstein, Limburg, Lippe, Lorraine, Lower Danube, Lower Silesia, Lübeck, Lublin, Luxembourg, Magdeburg-Anhalt, Main-Franconia, Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Moravia, Munich-Upper Bavaria, Nassau, Oldenburg, Palatinate, Pomerania, Prussia, Radom, Reuss-Gera, Reuss-Greiz, Rhineland, Saar-Palatinate, Salzburg, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Hildburghausen, Saxe-Lauenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Silesia, South Hanover-Brunswick, Styria, Sudetenland, Swabia, Tyrol-Vorarlberg, Upper Danube, Upper Hesse, Upper Silesia, Vienna, Waldeck and Pyrmont, Warsaw, Weser-Ems, West Berlin, Westphalia, Westphalia-North, Westphalia-South, West Prussia, Württemberg, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, West Pomerania ==== Coordinate terms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== German, Germanic, Germano- ==== Descendants ==== → East Futuna: Siamani → Hawaiian: Kelemānia → Inuktitut: ᔮᒪᓂ (yaamani) → Māori: Tiamana, Tiamani → Samoan: Siamani → Swahili: Ujerumani → Tahitian: Heremani → Wallisian: Siamani ==== Translations ==== === See also === === References === === Anagrams === gray men, mangery, menagry