-ung

== German == === Etymology === From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʊŋ(k)/ === Suffix === -ung f (genitive -ung, plural -ungen) -ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action. ‎rechnen (“to reckon”) + ‎-ung → ‎die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”) ‎entdecken (“to discover”) + ‎-ung → ‎die Entdeckung (“the discovery”) ‎erinnern (“to remind”) + ‎-ung → ‎die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”) ==== Usage notes ==== Note that the -ung suffixed form is different from the gerund which is formed by simply capitalizing the first letter of the verb. The gerund usually refers to the activity in general rather than a specific instance or result. Examples: ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Luxembourgish == === Alternative forms === -ong (dated) === Etymology === From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung, English -ing. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /uŋ/ === Suffix === -ung used to form nouns from verbs ==== Derived terms ==== == Middle English == === Suffix === -ung (Early Middle English) alternative form of -ynge == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse -ungr. === Suffix === -ung m (definite singular -ungen, indefinite plural -ungar, definite plural -ungane) forming demonyms of place names forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’. ‎Sturla + ‎-ung → ‎Sturlungane (plural) == Old English == === Alternative forms === -ong === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with Old Saxon -unga (Low German -inge, -ing), Old Dutch -inga, -unga (Dutch -ing), Old High German -unga (German -ung), Old Norse -ung, -ing (Swedish -ing). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /unɡ/, [uŋɡ] === Suffix === -ung f forming nouns from verbs, denoting verbal action or an instance of it; or denoting a substance involved in the verbal action ==== Usage notes ==== In general, -ung is used with class Ia and II weak verbs, -ing with all other verbs. ==== Declension ==== Strong ō-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: -ynge, -eng, -enge, -ing, -inge, -ingue, -inng, -yng, -ung, -unge (Early Middle English)English: -ing, -in', -inMiddle Scots: -ing, -yngScots: -in, -in', -ingYola: -een, -en