-ula

== Translingual == === Etymology === From Latin -ula. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el. === Suffix === -ula Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-. ==== Derived terms ==== See -ula at Wikispecies. == English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin -ula. Doublet of -ule. === Suffix === -ula Forming diminutive nouns. ‎marimba + ‎-ula → ‎marimbula ‎ameba + ‎-ula → ‎amebula ==== Usage notes ==== The suffix is not very productive in English and most common in words directly borrowed from Latin. ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Chichewa == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊka. === Suffix === -ula Conversive suffix indicating that the action the verb is based on is undone. === References === Steven Paas (2016), Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎[1], Oxford University Press, page 552 == Czech == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Unproductive suffix in Czech. Compare Russian -у́ля (-úlja) and Polish -ula. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ ula] === Suffix === -ula f forms feminine nouns, usually endearing ‎papať + ‎-ula → ‎papula ‎šikovný + ‎-ula → ‎šikula ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === -ula in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017 == Finnish == === Etymology === -u +‎ -la === Suffix === -ula (front vowel harmony variant -ylä, linguistic notation -UlA) Forms diminutive nouns. ==== Usage notes ==== The suffix is productive. See, for instance, vempula. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Latin == === Etymology 1 === Probably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated. Alternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula. Compare Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (and variants), forming agent and instrument nouns. Compare instrument nouns in -ulum. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ʊ.ɫa] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [u.la] (stressed on the antepenult) ==== Suffix ==== -ula f (genitive -ulae); first declension Noun suffix denoting instrument. ‎regō + ‎-ula → ‎rēgula ‎tegō + ‎-ula → ‎tēgula ===== Declension ===== First-declension noun. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== -ula: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ʊ.ɫa] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [u.la] -ulā: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ʊ.ɫaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [u.la] ==== Suffix ==== -ula inflection of -ulus: nominative/vocative feminine singular nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural ==== Suffix ==== -ulā ablative feminine singular of -ulus === References === Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-uľa. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈu.la/ Rhymes: -ula Syllabification: -u‧la === Suffix === -ula f forms feminine nouns, usually endearing ‎baba + ‎-ula → ‎babula ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === -ula in Polish dictionaries at PWN