-tta

== Finnish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /-tːɑ/, [-t̪ːɑ̝] === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Uralic *-pta. ==== Suffix ==== -tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) Suffix for the abessive case: without ===== Usage notes ===== Suffixed to the genitive stem in the singular, to the same stem as the inessive in the plural. Not very commonly used outside of set phrases, especially the singular forms. The only abessive forms still in general use are abessive forms of the third infinitive. See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the abessive case is used. ===== Synonyms ===== (without): ilman (+ partitive, preposition), vailla (+ partitive, preposition) ===== Derived terms ===== -ti (has developed into the general abessive case suffix in most Nyland and South Tavastian dialects) === Etymology 2 === Derived from the assimilated final consonant of the stem, *k or *h, plus the partitive suffix -ta. ==== Suffix ==== -tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) A suffix for the partitive singular. ===== Usage notes ===== Used predominantly for words whose nominative singular ends in -e and which lengthen that final -e in other singular cases, as well as for ordinal numerals starting from kolmas. Traditionally also for ori. See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used. === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kta. ==== Suffix ==== -tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) Forms certain adverbs, typically of manner. ===== Derived terms ===== -ti === Etymology 4 === Probably re-extracted from navetta, karjetta, ometta, which may derive from contractions of aitta, which may contain an actual -tta suffix. Apart from it, this suffix is not found in any of the other Finnic languages. ==== Suffix ==== -tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) (rare) Forms some nouns, generally for places. ===== Usage notes ===== Suffixed to the weak stem and appears to cause the final -a- to change to -e- in the same way as -mpi, -ella, -ntaa, -eta do. This may, however, be a gap in data, as karjetta and ometta may both be formed analogously to navetta, and the suffix -tto (which is derived from -tta) does not appear to exhibit this behavior. ===== Derived terms ===== -tto == Hungarian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [tːɒ] === Suffix === -tta (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular past tense of verbs (definite conjugation). ‎ró (“to carve”) + ‎-tta → ‎rótta (“he/she (has/had) carved”) (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of certain verbs, always following the agent noun. ‎szí (“to suck”) + ‎-tta → ‎[nap]szítta [haj] (“[hair] bleached by [the sun]”, literally “sun-sucked hair”) ==== Usage notes ==== (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants: -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs -te is added to most front-vowel verbs -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú) -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű) -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát) -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet) -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt) (noun-forming suffix) Variants: -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs -te is added to most front-vowel verbs -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő) -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall) -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell) === See also === Category:Hungarian verb forms Appendix:Hungarian suffixes === Further reading === Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150. Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271). == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Suffix === -tta This suffix forms a class of neuter abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, and express the state, nature or quality of being that which is denoted by the adjective or noun. Synonym: -tā ==== Declension ==== == Votic == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *-ttadak. The sense added to adjectives (in e.g. soojõtta) is probably from Proto-Finnic *-ntadak. === Suffix === -tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, unreduced form -ttaa, unreduced front vowel harmony variant -ttää) Forms causative verbs from verbs. Forms verbs from foreign verb stems. Forms verbs from adjectives or nouns with a meaning like "to make ...". ‎soojõ (“warm”) + ‎-tta → ‎soojõtta (“to warm (up), make warm”) ==== Conjugation ==== Words with this suffix are usually inflected like tuntõa. ==== Derived terms ====