-ský

== Czech == === Alternative forms === -ký (after s, c, or k) -cký (after s, c, or k) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Czech -ský, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. === Suffix === -ský (adjective-forming suffix) (as an adjective) -ian, -ic (from, related to, or like) ‎anděl + ‎-ský → ‎andělský ‎moře + ‎-ský → ‎mořský ‎Aristoteles (“Aristotle”) + ‎-ský → ‎aristotelský (“Aristotelian”) ‎Itálie (“Italy”) + ‎-ský → ‎italský (“Italian”) ‎Praha (“Prague”) + ‎-ský → ‎pražský (“Praguer”) ‎Česko (“Czechia, Czech Republic”) + ‎-ský → ‎český (“Czech”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== -ní -ový === Further reading === “Přídavná jména na -ský”, in Naše řeč [Our Language] (in Czech) (1939) “Tvoření přídavných jmen od víceslovných místních jmen”, in Naše řeč [Our Language] (in Czech) (1982) -ský/-ký, etc. in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017 == Old Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. === Suffix === -ský (adjective-forming suffix) (as an adjective) -ian, -ic (from, related to, or like) ‎Čech + ‎-ský → ‎češský ‎Praha + ‎-ský → ‎pražský ==== Usage notes ==== This suffix causes first palatalisation of the preceding consonant. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Czech: -ský, -cký, -ký == Slovak == === Alternative forms === -sky, -cký, -cky, -enský === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /skiː/, [skiː] === Suffix === -ský suffix used to form relational adjectives (expressing belonging, affiliation, or origin) from nouns (persons, animals, things, or places) ‎muž (“man”) + ‎-ský → ‎mužský (“masculine; male”) ‎kôň (“horse”) + ‎-ský → ‎konský (“equine”) ‎hory (“mountains”) + ‎-ský → ‎horský (“mountainous”) ‎mesto (“city”) + ‎-ský → ‎mestský (“urban”) suffix used to express a relationship of belonging in the narrow sense of the word; formed from personal possessive adjectives ending in -ov and -in ‎otcov (“father's”) + ‎-ský → ‎otcovský (“fatherly; paternal”) ‎kráľov (“king's”) + ‎-ský → ‎kráľovský (“royal”) ‎materin (“mother's”) + ‎-ský → ‎materinský (“motherly; maternal”) suffix used to form qualitative adjectives (often gradable) expressing a characteristic property ‎priateľ (“friend”) + ‎-ský → ‎priateľský (“friendly”) ‎ľud (“people”) + ‎-ský → ‎ľudský (“humane; human”) ==== Usage notes ==== The suffixes -ský, -cký, and -enský carry no difference in meaning; they all express a relationship of belonging or affiliation. Consonant alternations: If the stem ends with -k or -c, the suffix -cký is usually used instead. If the stem ends with -s, it merges with the -s- of the suffix (e.g., nebesia → nebeský). Stems ending in -ň change to -n- (e.g., baňa → banský). If the final consonant (-k or -g) is preceded by a sonorant, the final consonant is dropped along with a potential mobile vowel before them (e.g., Pezinok → pezinský, Hamburg → hamburský). The final consonant (-h or -ch) is altered into -ž or -š respectively (e.g., Praha → pražský, macocha → macošský). If the final -g is preceded by a vowel, it is either kept (e.g., Haag → haagsky) or it merges into the suffix -cký (usually with native places, e.g., Bodrog → bodrocký). This suffix is subject to the rhythmic law. If the preceding syllable is long, the form -sky is used instead. This suffix, combined with potential consonant clusters preceding it, causes numerous phonological reductions or cases of assimilation. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ====