-nen

== Ahtna == === Suffix === -nen alternative form of -ne == Finnish == === Etymology === Originally a variant form of -inen. The -i- was dropped in certain dialects, particularly nouns with more than two syllables prior to the suffix. The distinction between using -nen for nouns (including nouns with two or fewer syllables in the root) and -inen for adjectives is a later literary invention, resulting in what were originally two variants of the same suffix being artificially separated in meaning. === Suffix === -nen Forms diminutive nouns or terms expressing affection. ‎lapsi (“child”) + ‎-nen → ‎lapsonen (“kid”) ‎pala (“piece”) + ‎-nen → ‎palanen (“small piece”) ‎kulta (“gold, dear”) + ‎-nen → ‎kultanen (“darling”) ‎tuuli (“wind”) + ‎-nen → ‎tuulonen (“gentle wind, breeze”) ‎Ukko (“the God of Thunder”) + ‎-nen → ‎ukkonen (“thunder”) Forms surnames, including surnames of association (the so-called Virtanen type), by now devoid of meaning. ‎virta (“river”) + ‎-nen → ‎Virtanen (colloquial, dialectal) alternative form of -inen ==== Usage notes ==== Surnames ending in -nen were first recorded in Savonia (and to a somewhat lesser extent Karelia) in the early 16th century, with -nen affixed to nicknames (Korhonen) and vernacular forms of given names (Heikkinen) after the ancestor or patriarch of a family. In the 19th century surnames were required of all Finns, and many new names were created by adding -nen to topographic terms (Ahonen) and to words describing natural phenomena (Aaltonen). 38% of Finns had a surname ending in -nen in 1985. Should not be confused with -inen with which it may be conflated in colloquial speech and some dialects. For example, keltanen may appear to be kelta + -nen, but is actually a colloquial form of keltainen, itself kelta + -inen. As with -inen, -nen nominals have a combining form that replace the suffix with an -s-, which is used whenever they are followed by another part in a compound word: e.g. ukkonen (> ukkos-) + myrsky = ukkosmyrsky. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== -inen -lainen -llinen -mainen === References === === Further reading === Sirkka Paikkala: Se tavallinen Virtanen, SKS 959 (2004), →ISBN === Anagrams === -nne == Japanese == === Romanization === -nen Rōmaji transcription of ねん == Yucatec Maya == === Suffix === -nen Suffix indicating the second-person singular imperative for antipassive verbs ¡Áalkabnen! ― Run! ==== Related terms ====