-ino

== English == === Etymology === From Italian -ino (“-ine, -o: forming diminutives”), from the dative form of Latin -īnus. In its use in physics, originally after the model of earlier neutrino, coined by Enrico Fermi in 1933. Internet slang usages gained currency in the second half of the 2010s. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈiːnəʊ/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈinoʊ/ === Suffix === -ino (physics) The fermionic supersymmetric partner of a boson (a bosino), symbolized by a tilde over the nonsupersymmetric particle symbol. (chiefly DoggoLingo) A diminutive or endearing suffix. ‎pupper + ‎-ino → ‎pupperino (Internet slang, 4chan slang, derogatory) Used to mock progressives through association with DoggoLingo. ==== Usage notes ==== The diminutive is chiefly used after -er. ==== Coordinate terms ==== (physics): s- ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “-ino, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. === Anagrams === -ion, Ion, NIO, NOI, ONI, ion, oni == Esperanto == === Etymology === From German -in. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈino/ Rhymes: -ino Syllabification: i‧no === Suffix === -ino of feminine sex ‎bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + ‎-ino → ‎bovino (“cow”) ‎ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + ‎-ino → ‎ĉevalino (“mare”) ‎filo (“son”) + ‎-ino → ‎filino (“daughter”) ‎fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + ‎-ino → ‎fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”) ‎karulo (“dear”) + ‎-ino → ‎karulino (fem.) ‎knabo (“boy”) + ‎-ino → ‎knabino (“girl”) ‎koko (“chicken, rooster”) + ‎-ino → ‎kokino (“hen”) ‎koramiko (“boyfriend”) + ‎-ino → ‎koramikino (“girlfriend”) ‎leono (“lion”) + ‎-ino → ‎leonino (“lioness”) ‎lupo (“wolf”) + ‎-ino → ‎lupino (“she-wolf”) ‎onklo (“uncle”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”) ‎patro (“father”) + ‎-ino → ‎patrino (“mother”) ‎sinjoro (“Mister”) + ‎-ino → ‎sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”) ‎viro (“man”) + ‎-ino → ‎virino (“woman”) ‎vulpo (“fox”) + ‎-ino → ‎vulpino (“vixen”) Coordinate term: (neologism) -iĉo (“male”) ==== Usage notes ==== Unqualified words for professions and animals do not assume either sex in modern usage, but this was not always the case. When Esperanto was created, people or animals not specifically specified female were traditionally assumed to be male. So, instruisto used to be assumed to mean a male teacher, and a female teacher was an instruistino; the title doktoro used to be assumed to be a man with a doctorate, for a woman it was doktorino. With animals, a bovo was assumed to be a bull, a cow was a bovino. Nowadays, instruisto means a teacher of either gender, though bovo may be either a head of cattle or a bull. In modern usage, one should only assume a particular sex for family relationships, such as patro (“father”)/patrino (“mother”), edzo (“husband”)/edzino (“wife”), frato (“brother”)/fratino (“sister”), and certain titles, such as sinjoro (“Mister”)/sinjorino (“Missus”). A common idiom to designate male animals is to make compounds with viro (“man”), such as virbovo for bull (although unidiomatically, this could mean a minotaur). L.L. Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, began this usage in the 1920s with his translation of Genesis, and it is now widespread. To designate male professionals, it is common to use the adjective vira, such as vira kelnero for a male waiter. Of the several neologisms coined to be a male counterpart to -in-, the most frequently used is -iĉ-, which has appeared in some books, but does not have official recognition. For example, boviĉo would be a bull like bovino is a cow, and in such usage bovo would only be a head of cattle. ==== See also ==== == Ido == === Etymology === Back-formation from femino (“female”). === Suffix === -ino suffix denoting femininity or a female Synonym: -femino Antonym: -ulo ‎avo (“grandparent”) + ‎-ino → ‎avino (“grandmother”) ‎filio (“child, offspring”) + ‎-ino → ‎filiino (“daughter”) ‎frato (“sibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎fratino (“sister”) ‎kavalo (“horse”) + ‎-ino → ‎kavalino (“mare”) ‎kuzo (“cousin”) + ‎-ino → ‎kuzino (“(female) cousin”) ‎nepoto (“grandchild”) + ‎-ino → ‎nepotino (“granddaughter”) ‎nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎nevino (“niece”) ‎onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”) ‎rejo (“monarch”) + ‎-ino → ‎rejino (“queen”) ‎spozo (“spouse”) + ‎-ino → ‎spozino (“wife”) ‎yuno (“child”) + ‎-ino → ‎yunino (“girl”) ==== Derived terms ==== == Italian == === Alternative forms === -lino === Etymology 1 === From Latin -īnus. Compare English -ine. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈi.no/ Rhymes: -ino Hyphenation: -ì‧no ==== Suffix ==== -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ini, feminine -ina) used to form diminutives Synonyms: -cino, -ello, -cello, -etto, -uccio ‎gatto (“cat”) + ‎-ino → ‎gattino (“kitten”) used to indicate a profession ‎ciabatta (“slipper”) + ‎-ino → ‎ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”) used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin ‎Alessandria + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino (“resident or native of Alessandria or Alexandria”) used to indicate tools or instruments ‎lavanda (“wash”, noun) + ‎-ino → ‎lavandino (“washbasin”) ==== Suffix ==== -ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ini, feminine plural -ine) used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin ‎Alessandria (“of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities ‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ino → ‎smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”) ==== Derived terms ==== ino === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /i.no/ (stress falls on the preceding syllable) Hyphenation: -i‧no ==== Suffix ==== -ino used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs === Anagrams === -oni, noi == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [iː.noː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [i.no] === Suffix === -īnō dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -īnus and -īnos == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Latin -īnus (“-ine”). Doublet of -inho. ==== Suffix ==== -ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -inos, feminine plural -inas) -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos, feminine -ina, feminine plural -inas) -ine (of or relating to) ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“relating to diamonds”) -ine; -like (sharing some properties with; similar to) ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“diamond-like”) -ine; -er; -ese (forms demonyms (adjectives and nouns)) ‎Nova Iorque (“New York”) + ‎-ino → ‎nova-iorquino (“New Yorker”) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Suffix ==== -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos) (chemistry) -yne (forms the name of unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond) === Etymology 3 === ==== Suffix ==== -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos) (particle physics) -ino (forms the name of supersymmetric partners) ===== Usage notes ===== The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix: ⟨-ição⟩ (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-(i)cion-⟩ ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-cion-⟩, ⟨-sion-⟩ ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-on-⟩ ⟨-ã(o)-⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-(i)an-⟩, ⟨-am-⟩, or ⟨-(i)on-⟩, depending on the base word's etymology ⟨-m⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-n-⟩ ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, including plurals) → ⟨-c(i)-⟩ ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-bil-⟩ ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-c-⟩ ⟨-dade⟩ (as a noun suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-t-⟩ === Further reading === “-ino”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “-ino”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈino/ [ˈi.no] Rhymes: -ino Syllabification: -i‧no === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Latin -īnus. ==== Alternative forms ==== -ina (after feminine nouns) ==== Suffix ==== -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos) forms diminutives from masculine nouns or adjectives === Etymology 2 === See Etymology 1. ==== Suffix ==== -ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos) -ine (on adjectives) (organic chemistry) -yne === Derived terms === === Further reading === “-ino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025