-ene

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: -ēn (Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand, India) IPA(key): /-iːn/ (General American, Canada, Scotland) IPA(key): /-in/ Rhymes: -iːn Hyphenation: -ene === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Latin -ēnus, from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós), forming adjectives from place names. ==== Suffix ==== -ene (adjective-forming suffix, not comparable) Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants. ‎Cairo + ‎-ene → ‎Cairene ‎Damascus + ‎-ene → ‎Damascene Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names. ‎Rogers + ‎-ene → ‎Rogerene ‎Hagar + ‎-ene → ‎Hagarene ===== See also ===== -ine ==== References ==== “-ene, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from French -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in -ine. ==== Suffix ==== -ene (noun-forming suffix, plural -enes) (organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene. (organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene. A polymer derived from an alkene. ===== Usage notes ===== The common names of some other organic compounds also end in -ene. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== ==== References ==== “-ene, comb. form”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. === Etymology 3 === Derived from graphene, expressing its monolayer characteristic. ==== Suffix ==== -ene (noun-forming suffix, plural -enes) A single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms. ===== Derived terms ===== === Anagrams === -een, Nee, e'en, een, nee, née == Hungarian == === Etymology === From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -ne (conditional suffix). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ɛnɛ] Rhymes: -ɛnɛ Hyphenation: -e‧ne === Suffix === -ene (conditional suffix) forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation) ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“one would help”) ==== Usage notes ==== (conditional suffix) Variants: -na is added to most back vowel verbs ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-na → ‎várna (“he/she would wait”) -ne is added to most front vowel verbs ‎kér (“to ask”) + ‎-ne → ‎kérne (“he/she would ask”) -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát) ‎mond (“to say something”) + ‎-ana → ‎mondana (“he/she would say something”) ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-ana → ‎tanítana (“he/she would teach”) -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ene → ‎festene (“he/she would paint”) ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“he/she would help”) ==== See also ==== Category:Hungarian verb forms Appendix:Hungarian suffixes == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [eː.nɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [e.ne] Hyphenation: -ē‧ne === Suffix === -ēne vocative masculine singular of -ēnus == Latvian == === Alternative forms === -iene === Etymology === From -enis +‎ -e (fem.). === Suffix === -ene female equivalent of -enis (for female beings) feminine of -enis (for feminine-gender objects) female equivalent of -ēns (for female beings) feminine of -ēns (for feminine-gender objects) ==== Declension ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. ==== Derived terms ==== == Middle Dutch == === Pronoun === -ene Enclitic form of hem; accusative of hi == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === From Old English -ena, for earlier -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anō, *-ōnō, from Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂, *-ōnǫ̂, from the Proto-Indo-European genitive plural suffix *-oHom when attached to n-stems. ==== Alternative forms ==== -an, -en, -yn, -yne -ena, -enne (Early Middle English, rare) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /-ən(ə)/, /-nə/ Hyphenation: -ene ==== Suffix ==== -ene (chiefly Kent, Southern or West Midland) used to form the genitive plural of nouns Synonyms: -es (more common), -e (somewhat less common) ===== Usage notes ===== Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix -ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noun dæġ (“day”); for instance, dagena is found for earlier daga (“days'”). This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore, -ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as in kingene king (“king of kings”) for more conservative kinge king (Old English cy(ni)nga cy(ni)ng). However, -ene is itself supplanted by -es, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that -ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with -es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve -ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending -en in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions, though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total. Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with -ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix -en, which thus acquires a form -ene. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with -en and nouns inflected with -ene is therefore impossible to draw. For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see Old French francor (“French”) and German -er. This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with -e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns. This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix -es, as in dawene (“days'”). ===== References ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old English -enne, -anne (with reduction of the geminate unstressed position), from Proto-West Germanic *-annjē, *-jannjē, *-ōnnjē, possibly equivalent to -en (uninflected infinitive) +‎ -e (dative singular). ==== Alternative forms ==== -ne (after vowels) -ende, -inge, -ynge (Southern, South Midland, by confusion with the present participle -ynge) -enne, -nne (early; see below) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /-ənə/, /-nə/ Hyphenation: -ene ==== Suffix ==== -ene (chiefly Early Middle English; Southern, Kent or South Midland) used to form the inflected infinitive of verbs ===== Usage notes ===== The inflected infinitive can be used whenever to precedes in the dialects where it occurs, though it is never mandatory and is gradually ousted by the uninflected infinitive during the Early Middle English period, becoming restricted to ever less verbs, especially to donne (“to do”). Occasional occurrences in later Middle English mostly follow certain monosyllabic vowel-final verbal roots: as in to bene ("to be", but Chaucer has to been), to done ("to do", still the most common), to sene (“to see”), and to seyne (“to say”); only in Late Middle English does it disappear due to the loss of the final schwa distinguishing the inflected and uninflected infinitives. Some Early Middle English texts retain -nne immediately following a stressed vowel (to donne) while exhibiting -ene in other positions (to speokene); very early Middle English instances of -enne in other positions represent either influence from the Old English written tradition or because the simplification of unstressed geminates was yet incomplete. Where -nne was retained, it probably occasioned shortening of the stem vowel (e.g. /tɔ ˈdɔnnə/); its belated replacement with -ne likely represents levelling of the stem vowel from the uninflected infinitive rather than leveling of -ene from other inflected infinitives since they had become rare (see above). ===== References ===== === Etymology 3 === See -en (adjectival suffix). ==== Suffix ==== -ene alternative form of -en (adjectival suffix) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === Inherited from Danish -ene. === Suffix === -ene added to most definite plural nouns == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Suffix === -ene used to form definite plurals for most feminine nouns == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /e.ne/ Hyphenation: -e‧ne === Etymology 1 === See -enne. ==== Suffix ==== -ene (Late Old English) alternative form of -enne === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Suffix ==== -ene inflection of -en: dative singular strong accusative feminine singular strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural weak nominative feminine/neuter singular weak accusative neuter singular