zwingen

== German == === Etymology === From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, *þwinhaną. Cognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtsvɪŋən/, [ˈtsʋɪŋən], [ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩] Rhymes: -ɪŋn̩ Hyphenation: zwin‧gen === Verb === zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben) (transitive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something) [with zu (+ infinitive) or zu (+ dative)] (intransitive) to (strictly) necessitate, to force [with zu (+ dative) ‘an act’] ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === === Further reading === “zwingen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German) “zwingen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “zwingen” in Duden online “zwingen” in OpenThesaurus.de James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Zwingen”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.