winter

== English == === Alternative forms === Winter === Etymology === From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Cognate with West Frisian winter (“winter”), Dutch winter (“winter”), German Winter (“winter”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish vinter (“winter”), Faroese and Icelandic vetur (“winter”). === Pronunciation === (non-rhotic) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈwɪntə/, [ˈwɪntʰə] (rhotic) (US, Canada) (without nt-flapping) IPA(key): /ˈwɪntɚ/, [ˈwɪntʰɚ] ~ [ˈwɪntʰɹ̩] (nt-flapping) IPA(key): /ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ/, [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ] ~ [ˈwɪɾ̃ɹ̩]; /ˈwɪn̆ɚ/, [ˈwɪn̆ɚ] ~ [ˈwɪn̆ɹ̩] Rhymes: -ɪntə(ɹ) Hyphenation: win‧ter Homophone: winner (US, Canada, nt-flapping) === Noun === winter (countable and uncountable, plural winters) Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as spanning either the period between the winter solstice to the spring equinox, or the months of December, January, and February in temperate and polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region. 1785, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools." in The Poems of William Cowper, Vol. II., The Press of C. Whittingham (1822), page 174: There shall he learn, ere sixteen winters old, That [...] (figuratively, poetic) The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. (countable, fashion) Someone with dark skin, eyes and hair, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing. (obsolete) An appliance to be fixed on the front of a grate, to keep a kettle warm, etc. (India, archaic) The rainy season. 1584, Barret, in Hakl. ii. 413 Note that the Citie of Goa is the principall place of all the Oriental India, and the winter thus beginneth the 15 of May, with very great raine. 1610, Finch, in Purchas, i. 423 The Winter heere beginneth about the first of Iune and dureth till the twentieth of September, but not with continuall raines as at Goa, but for some sixe or seuen dayes every change and full, with much wind, thunder and raine. 1678, Fryer, 410 In Winter (when they rarely stir) they have a Mumjama, or Wax Cloth to throw over it […] 1770,—Raynal, tr. 1777, i. 34 The mere breadth of these mountains divides summer from winter, that is to say, the season of fine weather from the rainy […] all that is meant by winter in India is the time of the year when the clouds […] are driven violently by the winds against the mountains, […] ==== Usage notes ==== Note that season names are not capitalized in modern English except where any noun would be capitalized, e.g. at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a name (Old Man Winter, the Winter War, Summer Glau). This is in contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always capitalized (Thursday or September). ==== Hyponyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== === Verb === winter (third-person singular simple present winters, present participle wintering, simple past and past participle wintered) (intransitive) To spend the winter (in a particular place). (transitive) To store something (for instance animals) somewhere over winter to protect it from cold. ==== Derived terms ==== overwinter Wintered Over Device winterer wintering ==== Translations ==== === Anagrams === Trewin, twiner == Afrikaans == === Etymology === From Dutch winter, from Middle Dutch winter, from Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈvən.tər/ === Noun === winter (plural winters) winter === See also === == Alemannic German == === Alternative forms === wenter, wénter === Etymology === From Middle High German winter, from Old High German wintar, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with German Winter, Dutch winter, English winter, Swedish vinter. === Noun === winter m (Issime, Carcoforo) winter === See also === === References === Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch winter, from Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʋɪn.tər/ Hyphenation: win‧ter Rhymes: -ɪntər === Noun === winter m (plural winters, diminutive wintertje n) winter De winter van dat jaar was bijzonder koud. ― The winter of that year was exceptionally cold. Het wintertje was mild en aangenaam. ― The short winter was mild and pleasant. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: winter Negerhollands: winter → Sranan Tongo: wenter === See also === == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Noun === winter m winter ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== wintersch middewinter wintercoude winterdach ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: winterAfrikaans: winterNegerhollands: winter→ Sranan Tongo: wenter Limburgish: wintjer === Further reading === “winter”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “winter”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN == Middle English == === Alternative forms === wintere, wintre, wynter === Etymology === From Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈwintər/ === Noun === winter (plural wintres) winter ==== Descendants ==== English: winter Scots: winter Yola: wonter ==== References ==== “winter, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === See also === == Middle High German == === Alternative forms === winder === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German wintar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈwintər/ === Noun === winter m winter ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Alemannic German: Winter Italian Walser: wénter, winter, wenter Swabian: Wender Bavarian: Winta Cimbrian: bintar Mòcheno: binter Udinese: binter, bintar Central Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel)Hunsrik: WinterLuxembourgish: Wanter German: Winter East Central German: Silesian East Central German: Winter Vilamovian: wynter Yiddish: ווינטער (vinter) === See also === === References === Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “winter”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “winter”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎[3] (in German), 3rd edition == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Noun === winter m winter ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: winterDutch: winterAfrikaans: winterNegerhollands: winter→ Sranan Tongo: wenterLimburgish: wintjer ==== Further reading ==== “winter”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Old English == === Etymology === From earlier *wintr < *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with Old Frisian winter, Old Saxon wintar, Old Dutch winter, Old High German wintar, Old Norse vetr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈwin.ter/ === Noun === winter m winter late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History year The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ==== Usage notes ==== The dative/instrumental usually retains the older u-stem form wintra, even in later Old English. ==== Declension ==== Strong a-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynterEnglish: winterScots: winterYola: wonter === See also === === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “winter”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Scots == === Etymology === From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Noun === winter (plural winters) winter == West Frisian == === Etymology === From Old Frisian winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈvɪntər/ === Noun === winter c (plural winters, diminutive winterke) winter ==== Derived terms ==== wintermoanne ==== See also ==== ==== Further reading ==== “winter”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011