vos

== Afrikaans == === Etymology === Inherited from Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /fɔs/ === Noun === vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie) fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini ==== Derived terms ==== skoolvos == Aragonese == === Etymology === From Latin vos. Cognate to Catalan us, Spanish os and French vous. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bos/ Syllabification: vos Rhymes: -os === Pronoun === vos you (second-person plural direct pronoun) (to) you (second-person plural indirect pronoun) ==== Synonyms ==== tos == Catalan == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin vōs. === Pronunciation === (Central) IPA(key): /bus/ (always unstressed) (Balearic) IPA(key): /vus/ (always unstressed) (Valencia) IPA(key): /vos/ (always unstressed) === Pronoun === vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us) you (plural, direct or indirect object) ==== Usage notes ==== -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩. Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here. ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “vos”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) “vos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “vos”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Chavacano == === Alternative forms === bo (common) === Etymology === Inherited from Spanish vos. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bo/ [bo] (colloquial or Ternateño) === Pronoun === vos you (singular) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈvos] === Noun === vos f genitive plural of vosa == Danish == === Pronoun === vos (dialectal) pronunciation spelling of os == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vɔs/ Hyphenation: vos Rhymes: -ɔs === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz. ==== Noun ==== vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin) fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini (particularly) red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos fox fur a crafty, ingenious person horse with red or red-brown fur a tortoiseshell (any of various similar nymphalid butterflies) Hyponyms: kleine vos, grote vos ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: vos Jersey Dutch: vośe Negerhollands: vos === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== vos inflection of vossen: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Further reading === “vos” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language] == Fala == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs. === Pronoun === vos m pl or f pl Second person plural nominative pronoun; you (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you ==== Usage notes ==== In Mañegu voshotrus and voshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns. Takes the form -vus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form. ==== See also ==== === References === Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 284 == Franco-Provençal == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin vōs (nominative or accusative). === Pronoun === vos (postpositive -vos) (ORB, broad) you (second-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic) ==== Derived terms ==== se vos plét ==== See also ==== === References === vous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca vos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vo/ Rhymes: -o Homophones: vaut, vaux, veau, veaux === Determiner === vos pl plural of votre; your (plural or formal you) ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “vos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Galician == === Pronoun === vos inflection of vós: accusative/dative reflexive == Icelandic == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Norse vás, which is related to vaska (“to wash”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈvɔːs] === Noun === vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos) wetness, toil, fatigue (from storm, sea, frost, bad weather) ==== Declension ==== === References === Mallet, P. H. (1847). Northern Antiquities, Or, an Historical Account of the Manners, Customs, Religion, and Laws, Maritime Expeditions and Discoveries, Language and Literature of the Ancient Scandinavians ... with a Translation of the Prose Edda from the Original Old Norse Text ... to which is Added, an Abstract of the Eyrbyggja Saga. United Kingdom: Bohn, p. 509 == Interlingua == === Etymology === From Latin vōs (“you, plural”). === Pronoun === vos you (plural) == Ladino == === Etymology === From Old Spanish vosotros. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vos/ === Pronoun === vos (Hebrew spelling בﬞוס) you (formal singular, nominative and accusative) accusative of vozotros accusative of vozotras == Latin == === Etymology === From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yúHs. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈwoːs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈvɔs] === Pronoun === vōs you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū ==== Usage notes ==== The functions that would be carried out by the genitive case of a noun are divided among multiple forms: vester is a possessive adjective, used attributively or predicatively with a noun. It is inflected to agree in case and number with the associated noun. vestrī (the neuter singular genitive form of vester) is used as the object of a word that governs the genitive case (such as a verb, often in the gerund or gerundive, or an adjective). vestrum (the short-form masculine genitive plural of vester) is used in partitive constructions: e.g. nēmō vestrum "none of you". Anteclassically, the long forms vostrōrum (masculine; an old form of vestrōrum) and vostrārum (feminine; an old form of vestrārum) were also used with this function. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== vōbīscum vōsmet ==== Descendants ==== ==== See also ==== === References === “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers "vos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “vos”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. == Lithuanian == === Etymology === Cognate with Proto-Slavic *edъva (“barely”); see there for more. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [²ˈʋoːs] Rhymes: -oːs Syllabification: võs === Adverb === võs (not comparable) hardly, barely ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs. === Noun === vos m fox, red fox ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== vossinne ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: vosAfrikaans: vosJersey Dutch: vośeNegerhollands: vos Limburgish: vósj === Further reading === “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN == Occitan == === Etymology === From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vus/ === Pronoun === vos to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun) yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun) == Old French == === Alternative forms === vous, vus === Etymology === From Latin vōs (“you, plural”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vus/ === Pronoun === vos you, ye (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun) your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun) yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun) you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun) ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: vousFrench: vousHaitian Creole: ouLouisiana Creole: vou Walloon: vos == Old Occitan == === Etymology === From Latin vōs (“you, plural”). === Pronoun === vos you (plural or polite form) ==== Descendants ==== Occitan: vos == Piedmontese == === Alternative forms === vus === Etymology === From Latin vōx. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vus/ === Noun === vos f (plural vos) voice == Portuguese == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin vōs. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: vos === Pronoun === vos objective of vós ==== See also ==== == Sardinian == === Alternative forms === bos === Etymology === From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bos/, /vos/ (in certain Nuorese towns) === Pronoun === vos (possessive vostru) you (plural), ye Synonyms: vois, vosateros == Slovene == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ. First attested in the 18th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʋóːs/ === Noun === vọ̑s m inan (obsolete) hair (obsolete) moustache === Further reading === “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026 == Spanish == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbos/ [ˈbos] Rhymes: -os Syllabification: vos === Pronoun === vos (oblique te, preposed possessive determiner tu, possessive pronoun/postposed or standalone possessive determiner tuyo) (Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, Central America, Chiapas, Zulia, parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and the Philippines) you, familiar form of the second-person singular pronoun Synonym: tú ¿Cómo te va? Bien, ¿y vos? ― How are you? Good, and you? Estoy de acuerdo con vos. ― I agree with you. (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural ==== Usage notes ==== In Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, tú is almost completely replaced with vos. In the other highlighted countries, the use of vos alternates with tuteo in more formal situations. In Nicaragua, tú is only occasionally used. In Colombia, vos is used in the Paisa region and in the Valle del Cauca, La Guajira, Nariño, southern Cauca, northern Tolima, and northern Cesar departments. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Chavacano: vos (vulgar) === See also === === Further reading === “vos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 “vos”, in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas [Panhispanic Dictionary of Uncertainties] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Royal Spanish Academy; Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, 2023, →ISBN Voseo on Wikipedia.Wikipedia == Walloon == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vɔ/ === Pronoun === vos you (singular) you (plural) ==== Synonyms ==== (plural): vozôtes