virulent

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives). Sense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/, /-ɹ(j)ə-/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/ Hyphenation: vi‧ru‧lent === Adjective === virulent (comparative more virulent, superlative most virulent) Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous. Antonyms: harmless, nonvirulent (figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious. c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.: More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poyſoned tode, or any ſerpent. (medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host. Antonyms: benign, nonvirulent (microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis. [from 1953] ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== virulence virulency (dated) virus ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== pathogenic === References === === Further reading === virulence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === evil turn == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin vīrulentus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern) [bi.ɾuˈle̞n] IPA(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [vi.ɾuˈlent] IPA(key): (Central, Northwestern) [bi.ɾuˈlen] === Adjective === virulent (feminine virulenta, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes) virulent ==== Derived terms ==== virulentament ==== Related terms ==== virulència === Further reading === “virulent”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “virulent”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “virulent” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “virulent”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) == Danish == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Adjective === virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. === Further reading === “virulent” in Den Danske Ordbog == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /vi.ʁy.lɑ̃/ === Adjective === virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes) (medicine) virulent virulent (hostile) ==== Derived terms ==== virulemment ==== Related terms ==== virulence === Further reading === “virulent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin virulentus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /viʁuˈlɛnt/ Hyphenation: vi‧ru‧lent === Adjective === virulent (strong nominative masculine singular virulenter, not comparable) (medicine) virulent ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “virulent”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[2] (in German) “virulent” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “virulent” in Duden online == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French virulent, from Latin virulentus. === Adjective === virulent m or n (feminine singular virulentă, masculine plural virulenți, feminine/neuter plural virulente) virulent ==== Declension ====