viha

== Estonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Noun === viha (genitive viha, partitive viha) anger, rage hatred ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== vihastama vihkama == Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha (compare Estonian viha), from Proto-Finno-Permic *wiša (compare Northern Sami vašši, Udmurt вож (vož, “hate”), Komi-Zyrian веж (vež, “envy”)), borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋiɦɑ̝] Rhymes: -ihɑ Syllabification(key): vi‧ha Hyphenation(key): vi‧ha === Noun === viha anger, fury, rage, wrath, ire [with (partitive +) kohtaan ‘towards’] hate, hatred, hostility, ire [with (partitive +) kohtaan ‘towards’] (obsolete) war (period of military hostilities or occupation) (present in a small number of non-obsolete historical terms, e.g. isoviha, vanha viha, pikkuviha) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004), Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN === Further reading === “viha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023 == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. Cognates include Finnish viha and Estonian viha. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋiɣ̥ɑˑ] Rhymes: -ihɑ Hyphenation: vi‧ha === Noun === viha anger, rage ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 664 == Karelian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Noun === viha rage ==== Declension ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. == Ludian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Noun === viha rage == Veps == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Noun === viha hatred ==== Inflection ==== === References === Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “ненависть”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika == Võro == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Noun === viha (genitive viha, partitive vihha) anger, rage hatred ==== Inflection ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. == Votic == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *viha. === Pronunciation === (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA(key): /ˈvihɑ/, [ˈvʲihɑ] (Jõgõperä) IPA(key): /ˈvihɑ/, [ˈvʲihɑ] (Central Votic) IPA(key): /ˈvihɑ/, [ˈviɦɑ] (Eastern Votic) IPA(key): /ˈvihɑ/, [ˈviɦɑ] Rhymes: -ihɑ Hyphenation: vi‧ha === Noun === viha anger, rage hatred === Adjective === viha bitter, acrid ==== Inflection ==== === References === Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “viha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[3], 2nd edition, Tallinn