vallum

== English == === Etymology === From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈvæləm/ === Noun === vallum (plural vallums or valla) (historical, Ancient Rome) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification. (anatomy) The eyebrow. ==== Related terms ==== vallar crown === References === “vallum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. == Latin == === Etymology 1 === Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈwal.lũː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈval.lum] ==== Noun ==== vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension wall, rampart, entrenchment ===== Usage notes ===== The nature of the root vowel (văllum or vāllum) is not properly known, though the West Germanic borrowing *wall, with a short vowel, seems to indicate the former. Most dictionaries that specify vowel length in closed syllables, especially those published in the 21st century, do not mark it as long. ===== Declension ===== Second-declension noun (neuter). ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Italian: vallo Old Catalan: Catalan: vall Old Galician-Portuguese: Galician: valo Portuguese: valo, vala Old Spanish: Spanish: valla Sicilian: vaḍḍu → Albanian: avulli → English: vallum (learned) → Czech: val → Polish: wał → Romanian: val → Proto-West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants) === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== vallum accusative singular of vallus (“stake”) === References === “vallum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “vallum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers "vallum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “vallum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. “vallum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers “vallum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin