valence

== English == === Etymology 1 === Noun sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and noun sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(archaic) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)). Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz. Doublet of value. Noun sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈveɪləns/ Rhymes: -eɪləns Hyphenation: va‧lence ==== Noun ==== valence (countable and uncountable, plural valences) (countable, chemistry) The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884] Synonyms: (historical) atomicity, (historical) quantivalence, (historical) quantivalency, valency The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen. (countable, linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four. Synonym: valency (uncountable, especially psychology) A one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive (causing a feeling of attraction) or negative (repulsion). [from early 20th c.] (uncountable, sociology) The value which a person places on something. (algebraic geometry) For a correspondence T on a curve: a number k such that the divisors T(P)+kP are all linearly equivalent. ===== Alternative forms ===== valency (chiefly Britain) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== quantivalence valent -valent ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== (number of arguments that a verb can have): ambitransitivity, ditransitivity, intransitivity, transitivity === Etymology 2 === A variant of valance. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈvæl(ə)ns/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈvæləns/ Rhymes: -æləns Hyphenation: val‧ence ==== Noun ==== valence (plural valences) Alternative spelling of valance. === References === === Further reading === expectancy theory on Wikipedia.Wikipedia valence (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia valence (psychology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia valency (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia valence (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “valence”, in Online Etymology Dictionary. === Anagrams === enclave == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈvalɛnt͡sɛ] Rhymes: -ɛntsɛ === Noun === valence f (chemistry) valence, valency Synonym: mocenství (linguistics) valence, valency ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== See vale === Further reading === “valence”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “valence”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “valence”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995 “valence”, in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny (in Czech), 2012–2020 == French == === Etymology === Back-formation from monovalence., etc. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /va.lɑ̃s/ === Noun === valence f (plural valences) (chemistry) valence (linguistics) valency ==== See also ==== rection transitivité === Further reading === “valence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === enclave, enclavé