urban

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). For the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɜɹbən/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)bən Hyphenation: urb‧an === Adjective === urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban) Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside. urban life urban traffic Living in a city or town. Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town. (US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music. (US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) Of an inhabitant or resident: black; African-American. ==== Usage notes ==== The word urban in a musical context came to be controversial and it was described as perpetuating and reinforcing the racial stereotyping of black communities, especially black musicians, and as a catchall for music created by Black artists, regardless of genre, leading to the music industry's replacement of it with more appropriate terms. Urban as a descriptor of black inhabitants or residents is an offensive and stereotypical usage; see Dictionary.com's Historical usage of urban for the explanation. ==== Alternative forms ==== urbane (obsolete) ==== Antonyms ==== ==== Coordinate terms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== Urbanus === References === === Further reading === William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “urban”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. urban in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. “urban” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC. “urban”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === Braun, Buran, Rabun, aburn, buran, unabr., unbar == Esperanto == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈurban/ Rhymes: -urban Syllabification: ur‧ban === Adjective === urban accusative singular of urba == German == === Etymology === From Latin urbanus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʊʁˈbaːn/, [ʊɐ̯ˈbaːn] Rhymes: -aːn === Adjective === urban (strong nominative masculine singular urbaner, comparative urbaner, superlative am urbansten) urban Synonym: städtisch ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “urban” in Duden online “urban” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Latin urbanus. === Adjective === urban (neuter singular urbant, definite singular and plural urbane) urban urbane === References === “urban” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “urban” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Latin urbanus. === Adjective === urban (neuter singular urbant, definite singular and plural urbane) urban urbane === References === “urban” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Piedmontese == === Alternative forms === ürban === Etymology === From Latin urbānus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /yrˈbaŋ/ === Adjective === urban urban == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French urbain, from Latin urbanus. Doublet of Orban. By surface analysis urbe + -an === Adjective === urban m or n (feminine singular urbană, masculine plural urbani, feminine/neuter plural urbane) urbane ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== urbanitate == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ûrbaːn/ Hyphenation: ur‧ban === Adjective === ȕrbān (Cyrillic spelling у̏рба̄н, definite ȕrbānī) urban ==== Declension ==== == Slovene == === Etymology === Ultimately from Latin urbānus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /urbáːn/ === Adjective === urbȃn (not comparable) urban ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== mésten === Further reading === “urban”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026