upe

== Latgalian == === Etymology === From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian upe and Lithuanian upė. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈupʲæ] Hyphenation: u‧pe === Noun === upe f (diminutive upeite) river ==== Declension ==== === References === M. Bukšs; J. Placinskis (1973), Latgaļu volūdas gramatika un pareizraksteibas vōrdneica, Latgaļu izdevnīceiba, page 129 A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008), Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 18 == Latvian == === Etymology === In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upi̇̀s, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈupːɛ] === Noun === upe f (5th declension) (geography) river (permanent watercourse) strauja, lēna upe ― fast, slow river kalnu, līdzenumu upe ― mountain, lowland river upes gultne ― riverbed upes ieleja ― river valley upes baseins ― river basin upju sistēma ― river system upes pietekas ― river tributaries upes ieteka, grīva ― river estuary, mouth upes izteka ― river source, headwaters upes augštece, lejtece ― upriver, downriver upju transports ― fluvial transportation upju kuģniecība ― river lines ==== Declension ==== ==== References ==== == Lithuanian == === Pronunciation === (upè) IPA(key): [ʊˈpʲɛ] (ùpe) IPA(key): [ˈʊpʲɛ] === Noun === upè f instrumental singular of upė === Noun === ùpe f vocative singular of upė == Paraguayan Guarani == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -e === Pronoun === upe that === References === Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “upe”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 112, column 1 == Portuguese == === Verb === upe inflection of upar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Spanish == === Verb === upe inflection of upar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Yoruba == === Alternative forms === ìpè (Standard Yoruba) === Etymology === From ù- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ pè (“to call”) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ù.k͡pè/ === Noun === ùpè (chiefly CY and SEY) pronunciation, calling Synonym: ùké (chiefly CY and SEY) call, invitation, summon Synonym: ùkésí (chiefly CY and SEY) traditional horn or trumpet Synonyms: ùfèrè, kàkàkí