untuk

== Hungarian == === Etymology === un +‎ -tuk === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈuntuk] Hyphenation: un‧tuk === Verb === untuk first-person plural indicative past definite of un == Indonesian == === Alternative forms === oentoek (1901–1947) utk (abbreviation) === Etymology === Inherited from Malay untuk. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈuntuʔ/ [ˈun̪.t̪ʊʔ] Rhymes: -untuʔ Syllabification: un‧tuk === Preposition === untuk for === Particle === untuk to (a particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.) ==== Usage notes ==== Although Indonesian and most Austronesian languages do not have infinitive mood, unlike most languages without infinitive that commonly translate the infinitive into subjunctive mood, Indonesian has rather different ways to translate infinitives. There are three common ways to translate infinitives into Indonesian, including: Infinitive-to-"untuk" + the verb; used when the infinitive indicates a purpose, state, or intention of the verb or procedure, or when the infinitive acts as an adverb (adverbial infinitive). The "untuk" is mostly mandatory in this way of translating infinitive. For example: - My sister departed to continue her education — Kakakku berangkat untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya (lit. My sister departed for continuing her education) - Too good to be true — Terlalu bagus untuk menjadi nyata (lit. Too god for being true) - To make a simple and delicious pancake ... — Untuk membuat panekuk yang sederhana dan lezat ... (lit. For making a simple and delicious pancake ...) Infinitive-to-verbal noun; used when the infinitive indicates a desire, imperative, must, or when the infinitive acts as a noun (nominal infinitive), which also corresponds to the usage of subjunctive mood. The "untuk" mostly cannot be written in this way of translating infinitive. For example: - I want to write a book. — Saya ingin menulis sebuah buku. (not: Saya ingin untuk menulis sebuah buku; lit. - I want writting book) - He needs to go to toilet. — Dia perlu pergi ke toilet. (not: Dia perlu untuk pergi ke toilet; lit. He needs going to toilet) - I have to finish my homework now. — Saya harus menyelesaikan PR-ku sekarang. (not: Saya harus untuk menyelasikan PR-ku sekarang) Infinitve-to-("untuk") + passive verb; used when the infinitive indicates an attribute of the verb, or acts as an adjective (adjectival infinitive). The "untuk" is only written when it makes sense to use "untuk" in this way of translating infinitive. Despite the infinitive is an active verb in the original language, it is mostly translated into passive verb in Indonesian. This is because the infinitive is an ergative verb, where the verb is written as an active voice but has a passive sense (e.g. "Bringing durian into airline baggage counts as crime.", but it rather means: "Bringing durian into airline baggage is counted as crime."). In addition, ergative verbs can be both transitive or intransitive. Although Indonesian does have intransitive verbs, but it does not have ergative verbs, which makes Indonesian translates ergative verbs as passive voice. For example: - This problem is easy to solve — Soal ini mudah untuk diselesaikan. (lit. This problem is easy for being solved) - She has a lot of work to do — Dia punya banyak pekerjaan untuk dilakukan. (lit. She has a lot of work for being done) The last, please note that "untuk" is not a direct equivalent for English infinitive particle "to", it is just a supplementary preposition to clarify and make sense the infinitive. ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “untuk”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Malay == === Pronunciation === (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /untoʔ/ (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /untʊʔ/ Rhymes: (Johor-Selangor) -untoʔ, (Riau-Lingga) -untʊʔ === Preposition === untuk (Jawi spelling اونتوق) for (directed at, intended to belong to) Hadiah ini untuk kamu. ― This gift is for you. for (because of) Dia dihormati untuk keberaniannya. ― He is respected for his bravery. ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === "untuk" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Yakan == === Verb === untuk to guess ==== Derived terms ==== untukan (“riddle”)