umlaut

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”), from Old High German hlūt. More at loud. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈʌmlaʊt/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈumlaʊt/ Rhymes: -aʊt Hyphenation: um‧laut === Noun === umlaut (plural umlauts or umlaute) (linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants. (linguistics) The umlaut process (as above) that occurred historically in Germanic languages whereby back vowels became front vowels when followed by syllable containing a front vocoid (e.g. Germanic lūsiz > Old English lȳs(i) > Modern English lice). (linguistics) A vowel so assimilated. (orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel (informal, orthography) Synonym of diaeresis. ==== Usage notes ==== Although this symbol has the same form as the diaeresis, it has a different function and so in standard and technical usage these two terms are not interchangeable. The term for the diacritic mark, as opposed to its function, is trema. When spelling a German word out loud, one can say “(vowel) umlaut” or “umlauted (vowel)”. e.g. “o umlaut” or “umlauted o” (ö). (German practice is to say “o Umlaut”, or more commonly to pronounce the letters, so the name of "Ö" is [øː], just as "A" is [aː] and "B" is [beː].) In the North of Germany, "ä" and "e" are pronounced identically; therefore, one would tend to say "a Umlaut" to avoid confusion. In alphabetic orders, "ä, ö, ü" are treated as "a, o, u" or "ae, oe, ue" in German (so the word lügen comes directly after or before the word lugen). In other languages, such as Swedish, the umlaut letters may have their own position in the alphabet. The usual English plural is umlauts, but the form umlaute (after the German) has seen some use. It is quite rare, however. ==== Synonyms ==== (orthography): trema (linguistics): vowel mutation ==== Derived terms ==== heavy metal umlaut, metal umlaut ==== Related terms ==== vowel harmony ==== Translations ==== === Verb === umlaut (third-person singular simple present umlauts, present participle umlauting, simple past and past participle umlauted) (transitive) To place an umlaut over (a vowel). (linguistics, transitive) To modify (a word) so that an umlaut is required in it. ==== See also ==== diaeresis, dieresis === Further reading === umlaut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === mutual == Dutch == === Etymology === From German Umlaut. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈum.lɑu̯t/ Hyphenation: um‧laut === Noun === umlaut m (plural umlauten, no diminutive) (Germanic grammar) umlaut ==== Derived terms ==== umlautsfactor == Finnish == === Etymology === From German Umlaut. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈumlɑut/, [ˈumlɑ̝ut̪] Rhymes: -umlɑut Syllabification(key): um‧la‧ut Hyphenation(key): um‧la‧ut === Noun === umlaut umlaut (the diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over various vowels: a > ä, o > ö or u > ü in German and some closely related languages) ==== Declension ==== ==== Hypernyms ==== vokaalinmukaus === Anagrams === muulta == Indonesian == === Etymology === From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”). === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /umˈlaut/ [umˈla.ʊt̪̚] Rhymes: -aut Syllabification: um‧laut === Noun === umlaut umlaut (partial assimilation of a vowel) umlaut (vowel so assimilated) umlaut (diacritical mark) === See also === ablaut === Further reading === “umlaut”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Polish == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Umlaut. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈum.lawt/ Rhymes: -umlawt Syllabification: um‧laut === Noun === umlaut m inan (phonology) umlaut (the partial assimilation of vowels in some Germanic languages) umlaut (diacritical mark) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === umlaut in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Portuguese == === Noun === umlaut m (plural umlauts) (linguistics) umlaut (the partial assimilation of a vowel in Germanic languages) (orthography) umlaut (the diacritical mark ¨ used to indicate such assimilation) === Further reading === “umlaut”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Umlaut. === Noun === umlaut n (uncountable) umlaut ==== Declension ====