umbra

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber. === Pronunciation === enPR: ŭmʹbrə, IPA(key): /ˈʌmbɹə/ Rhymes: -ʌmbɹə Hyphenation: um‧bra === Noun === umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ) The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object. (astronomy) The area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse. (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot. (chiefly literary) A shadow. (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited. One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows. One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae). (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus. ==== Coordinate terms ==== antumbra penumbra ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Anagrams === Burma, rumba == Catalan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈum.bɾə] IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈum.bɾa] === Noun === umbra f (plural umbres) female equivalent of umbre === Adjective === umbra feminine singular of umbre == Danish == === Etymology === From Latin umbra (“shadow”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɔmbra/, [ˈɔmb̥ʁɑ] === Noun === umbra c (singular definite umbraen, not used in plural form) umber (pigment, colour) (as an adjective) umber (of a reddish brown colour) == Finnish == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin umbra. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈumbrɑ/, [ˈum.brɑ̝] Rhymes: -umbrɑ Syllabification(key): umb‧ra Hyphenation(key): umb‧ra === Noun === umbra umbra ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== (part of a shadow): täysvarjo === Further reading === “umbra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023 === Anagrams === Burma, burma, rumba == Interlingua == === Etymology === From Latin. === Noun === umbra (plural umbras) shadow == Italian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/ Rhymes: -umbra Hyphenation: ùm‧bra === Adjective === umbra feminine singular of umbro === Noun === umbra f (plural umbre) female equivalent of umbro === Anagrams === bruma, rumba == Latin == === Etymology === Generally connected with Lithuanian unksna (“shade”), from Proto-Indo-European *wnksrā-. This term is tentatively derived from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wenk- (“to bend”); however, the semantic leaps required to go from "bend" to "shade" are large and unlikely. Alternatively, if from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (“rot”), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (“rotten”) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root *ḥ-m-r (“be red”), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈʊm.bra] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈum.bra] === Noun === umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension shadow (figurative, by extension) shade, shady place, shadowy place shade, ghost, phantom, apparition (plural) the realm of shades, the shades, the world below or underworld imperfect copy or representation of something, pretence, faint appearance shelter, cover leisure, rest drumfish ==== Declension ==== First-declension noun. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== umbrātiō ==== Descendants ==== === References === “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “umbra”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co. “umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”). === Noun === umbra m (definite singular umbraen, indefinite plural umbraer or umbraar, definite plural umbraene or umbraane) (chemistry) a dark earthy colour (astronomy) the shade from a planet (astronomy, by extension) central region of a sunspot === References === “umbra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Romanian == === Noun === umbra f definite nominative/accusative singular of umbră == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈumbɾa/ [ˈũm.bɾa] Rhymes: -umbɾa Syllabification: um‧bra === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== umbra f (plural umbras) female equivalent of umbro ==== Adjective ==== umbra feminine singular of umbro === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== umbra f (plural umbras) (obsolete) shade, shadow === Further reading === “umbra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025