twierdzić

== Old Polish == === Alternative forms === ćwirdzić, ćwierdzić, twirdzić === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, twardy +‎ -ić. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /tfʲɛ(ː)rd͡ʑʲit͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /tfʲɛrd͡ʑʲit͡ɕʲ/, /tfʲerd͡ʑʲit͡ɕʲ/ === Verb === twierdzić impf to firm, to harden, to strengthen, to fortify Synonym: silnić (reflexive with się) to strengthen (to become stronger, to gain strength) (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to confirm Synonyms: poświadczać, przymawiać (attested in Lesser Poland) to decide, to order Synonyms: obrzędzać, skazować, uchwalać (attested in Masovia) to affirm, to state ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: twierdzić Silesian: twiyrdzić === References === B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “twierdzić, ćwierdzić, ćwirdzić, twirdzić”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić. By surface analysis, twardy +‎ -ić. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtfjɛr.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/ Rhymes: -ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ Syllabification: twier‧dzić === Verb === twierdzić impf (intransitive) to claim (to state a new fact) (intransitive) to maintain ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === twierdzić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN twierdzić in Polish dictionaries at PWN