turf

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). Cognate with Dutch turf (“turf”), Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”) (whence German Torf and German Low German Torf), Swedish torv (“turf”), Norwegian torv (“turf”), Icelandic torf (“turf”), Russian трава (trava, “grass”), Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a kind of grass”), दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “bent grass”). === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /tɝf/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɜːf/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)f Homophone: TERF === Noun === turf (countable and uncountable, plural turfs or turves) (uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod. (countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc. (countable) A block of peat used as fuel. (uncountable, countable) A thick, carpet-like bed of algae. (uncountable, specifically) A surface of synthetic fibers made to look like grass; artificial turf. (uncountable, slang) A territory claimed by a gang as their own. (uncountable, by extension) A person's domain or sphere of influence. (uncountable, with "the", sports) A racetrack, hippodrome. (uncountable, with "the", sports) The sport of racing horses. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === turf (third-person singular simple present turfs, present participle turfing, simple past and past participle turfed) To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs. (Ultimate Frisbee) To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release. (business) To fire from a job or dismiss from a task. (business) To cancel a project or product. (informal, transitive) To expel, eject, or throw out; to turf out. (medical slang, transitive) To transfer or attempt to transfer (a patient or case); to eschew or avoid responsibility for. ==== Derived terms ==== turfer turf out ==== Translations ==== === Anagrams === ruft == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʏrf/ Hyphenation: turf Rhymes: -ʏrf === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch torf, from Old Dutch *torf, from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). ==== Noun ==== turf m (plural turven, diminutive turfje n) peat a tally mark representing five (informal) a fat book, tome; a book containing many pages ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== turf inflection of turven: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Anagrams === ruft == Hungarian == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈturf] Hyphenation: turf Rhymes: -urf === Noun === turf (plural turfok) (sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === turf in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Middle English == === Alternative forms === turfe, torf, tourfe === Etymology === From Old English turf, from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /turf/ === Noun === turf (plural turfes or turves) soil, earth ==== Descendants ==== English: turf Scots: turr, truff Yola: thrive ==== References ==== “turf, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /turf/, [turˠf] === Noun === turf f (nominative plural tyrf) turf ==== Declension ==== Strong consonant stem: ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfeEnglish: turfScots: turr, truffYola: thrive === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “turf”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French turf, from English turf. === Noun === turf n (plural turfuri) (sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === turf m (plural turfs) (with definite article, sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.)