turf

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass-covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-West Germanic *turb (“turf, peat”), from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /tɝf/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɜːf/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)f Homophone: TERF === Noun === turf (countable and uncountable, plural turfs or turves) (uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod. (countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc. (countable) A block of peat used as fuel. (uncountable, countable) A thick, carpet-like bed of algae. (uncountable, specifically) A surface of synthetic fibers made to look like grass; artificial turf. (uncountable, slang) A territory claimed by a gang as their own. (uncountable, by extension) A person's domain or sphere of influence. (uncountable, with "the", sports) A racetrack, hippodrome. (uncountable, with "the", sports) The sport of racing horses. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === turf (third-person singular simple present turfs, present participle turfing, simple past and past participle turfed) To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs. (Ultimate Frisbee) To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release. (business) To fire from a job or dismiss from a task. (business) To cancel a project or product. (informal, transitive) To expel, eject, or throw out; to turf out. (medical slang, transitive) To transfer or attempt to transfer (a patient or case); to eschew or avoid responsibility for. ==== Derived terms ==== turfer turf out ==== Translations ==== === Anagrams === ruft == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʏrf/ Hyphenation: turf Rhymes: -ʏrf === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch torf, from Old Dutch *torf, from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). ==== Noun ==== turf m (plural turven, diminutive turfje n) peat a tally mark representing five (informal) a fat book, tome; a book containing many pages ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== turf inflection of turven: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Anagrams === ruft == Hungarian == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈturf] Hyphenation: turf Rhymes: -urf === Noun === turf (plural turfok) (sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === turf in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Middle English == === Alternative forms === turfe, torf, tourfe === Etymology === From Old English turf, from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /turf/ === Noun === turf (plural turfes or turves) soil, earth ==== Descendants ==== English: turf Scots: turr, truff Yola: thrive ==== References ==== “turf, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /turf/, [turˠf] === Noun === turf f (nominative plural tyrf) turf ==== Declension ==== Strong consonant stem: ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfeEnglish: turfScots: turr, truffYola: thrive === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “turf”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French turf, from English turf. === Noun === turf n (plural turfuri) (sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === turf m (plural turfs) (with definite article, sports) turf (a racetrack, hippodrome; or the sport of racing horses.)