tumma

== Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ̝] Rhymes: -umːɑ Syllabification(key): tum‧ma Hyphenation(key): tum‧ma === Adjective === tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin) dark (of colour) Antonyms: vaalea, valjakka, kirkas dark-haired Synonyms: tummatukkainen, tummahiuksinen, brunette, brune Antonyms: vaalea, blondi ==== Usage notes ==== The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.: tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”) tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”) ==== Declension ==== === Noun === tumma (informal, chiefly endonymic) Rom, Romani person Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen ==== Usage notes ==== The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish. The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally “black man”) and kaali (literally “black woman”). The calque tumma (literally “dark one”) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves. In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally “black person”), contrasting it with valkolainen (“Finn”, literally “white person”). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “tumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023 === Anagrams === ammut, mamut == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ] Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ Hyphenation: tum‧ma === Adjective === tumma (comparative tummemp) dim, dark ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608 == Sidamo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtumːa/ Hyphenation: tum‧ma === Noun === tumma f plural of tuma ==== Declension ==== === References === Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38 == Swedish == === Etymology === tumme (“thumb”) +‎ -a === Verb === tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma) to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb) to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something) (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum) ==== Usage notes ==== Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense. ==== Conjugation ==== === References === tumma in Svensk ordbok (SO) tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)