travailler

== French == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle French travailler, from Old French travailler (“to toil, suffer, torment”), from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“to torture”), derived from Late Latin tripālium (“torture instrument”), from Latin tripālis (“having three stakes”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʁa.va.je/ === Verb === travailler to work to study to struggle ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Synonyms ==== (work): bosser (France, informal), taffer (France, informal), turbiner (France, informal) ==== Related terms ==== travail travailliste travailleur travailleuse ==== Descendants ==== Haitian Creole: travay → Danish: travaillere === Further reading === “travailler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Middle French == === Alternative forms === travaillier, traveillier === Etymology === From Old French traveiller. === Verb === travailler to suffer (be in a state of suffering) ==== Conjugation ==== Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive. ==== Descendants ==== French: travaillerHaitian Creole: travay→ Danish: travaillere == Old French == === Alternative forms === travaillier, traveillier === Etymology === From Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“to torment”), derived from Late Latin tripālium (“torture device”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tɾavaˈʎeːɾ/ === Verb === travailler to suffer to torment oneself ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. The forms that would normally end in *-aill, *-aills, *-aillt are modified to ail, auz, aut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== Lorrain: traiveiller Middle French: travailler, travaillier, traveillier, travaillierFrench: travaillerHaitian Creole: travay→ Danish: travaillere Norman: travaillier, travailli, travâler (Jersey) Walloon: travayî → Italo-Romance: Corsican: travaddà, travaglià Italian: travagliare Neapolitan: travaglià Sicilian: travagghiari → Middle English: travaillen, travelen English: travail, travel